Angiogenesis mixture

A mixture of ginsenosides from Ginseng rubra roots has been shown to stimulate angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. It was also observed that acceleration of wound healing in vivo by the saponin mixture was associated with enhanced angiogenesis [232]. 

Thalidomide has been reintroduced to clinical practice as an oral agent for the management of erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) and in other disease settings, most notably MM. Lenalidomide is a thalidomide derivative with improved potency and safety profile compared to thalidomide. Thalidomide is a nonpolar racemic mixture of cell permeable and rapidly interconverting S(-) and R(+) isomers. The precise mechanisms responsible for thalidomide s clinical activity remain to be elucidated. Multiple distinct, but potentially complementary, mechanisms have been proposed to explain the antitumor activity of thalidomide and its derivatives, including stimulation of T cells and NK cells, inhibition of angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation, and modulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation (Figure 51-6). 

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