And phosphorus cycle

The following sections summarize only the most prominent interactions between the elemental cycles and the links in the hydrologic cycle. Water also plays a role in many chemical and biological reactions that are beyond the scope of this discussion. The carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus cycles are discussed in detail in Chapters 11, 12, 13, and 14, respectively. 

Ecologically, copper is a trace element essential to many plants and animals. However, high levels of copper in soil can be directly toxic to certain soil microorganisms and can disrupt important microbial processes in soil, such as nitrogen and phosphorus cycling. Copper is typically found in the environment as a solid metal in soils and soil sediment in surface water. There is no evidence that biotransformation processes have a significant bearing on the fate and transport of copper in water. 

ARE THE MARINE NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS CYCLES IN A STEADY STATE ... 

Efforts to estimate global transport rates for the marine nitrogen and phosphorus cycles are still underway. As shown in Tables 24.9 and 24.10, considerable disagreement exists among biogeochemists as to the magnitude of most of the major rates. 

Are the Marine Nitrogen and Phosphorus Cycles in a Steady State 697... 

Potential processes that may be called upon to explain the large discrepancy between excess N2 and NOs deficits within the SNM are (1) sedimentary denitrification, (2) anammox, (3) metal (Fe, Mn)-catalyzed denitrification, and (4) non-Redfieldian organic matter mineralization (Codispoti et al., 2001 Devol et al., 2006a,b). The first of these possibilities requires a decoupling between nitrogen and phosphorus cycles (e.g. possible greater burial of phosphorus in continental margin sediments). The less likely additional requirement is that the maximal inputs from the sediments should occur at the same depth as the water column peak of N02. In other words, the exact coincidence of the extrema in NOs , N02, ... 

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