And oxidation of alcohols

Enone Formation from Ketones, and Oxidation of Alcohols... 

Ketoreductases catalyze the reversible reduction of ketones and oxidation of alcohols using cofactor NADH/NADPH as the reductant or NAD + /NADP+ as oxidant. Alcohol oxidases catalyze the oxidation of alcohols with dioxygen as the oxidant. Both categories of enzymes belong to the oxidoreductase family. In this chapter, the recent advances in the synthetic application of these two categories of enzymes are described. 

Such oxometal catalysts can also be immobilized as anions on anion exchange resins as reported recently by Kurusu and Masuyama51 who used tetrabromo-oxomolybdate(V) bound to a tetraalkylammonium-containing styrene/divinylbenzene copolymer as a catalyst for the epoxidation of olefins and oxidation of alcohols with TBHP. 

Dicarboxypyridinium chlorochromate (2,6-DCPCC)392 possesses an acidic character that allows the in situ deprotection and oxidation of alcohols, protected as tetrahydropyranyl and trimethylsilyl ethers. 2,2 -Bipyridinium chlorochromate (BPCC)393 contains a ligand that complexes efficiently with the reduced chromium species, generated during the oxidation of alcohols, allowing for a substantial simplification of the work-ups. For this reason, it enjoys a popularity among chlorochromates surpassed by only PCC. 

Reduction of carbonyl compounds and oxidation of alcohols have always been key transformations of organic chemistry. In both cases, the use of stoichiometric toxic reagents is still widespread and new methods and catalysts offering greater activity, selectivity, and safeness are constantly being sought. 

The silver-loaded titania photocatalysts possess high activity in the photocatalytic decomposition of ozone [38], photoreduction of various thiols [39], photodestruction of 1,4-dichlorobenzene [40], dehydrogenation and oxidation of alcohols (e.g. of 2-propanole [41,42]), decoloration of textile waste water [43], photokilling of bacteria [44], and others. For additional detailed information on this topic, one can use a number of review articles and books [e.g. 45-48]. 

Titanium oxide and amorphous Ti02-Si02 did not exhibit any catalytic activity. Neumann et al. [20] reported that amorphous Ti02/Si02 were not active in the epoxidation of olefins, hydroxylation of aromatics and oxidation of alcohols. When sample 10 was... 

Reactive Zn OII (n = 1 or 2) species are proposed in the catalytic cycles of several zinc-containing enzymes. In order to gauge the chemical factors that influence the formation and reactivity of Zn OH species, synthetic model complexes have been prepared and systematically examined for biologically relevant stoichiometric and catalytic reactivity. Systems that promote the hydration of C02, the activation and oxidation of alcohols, and amide and phosphate ester cleavage reactions are discussed. 

The sensors based on hetero-junction oxide structures show considerable response in alcohol (ethanol, methanol) media. The hetero-junction between oxide and solid solution phases appear to be very active in a course of both adsorption and oxidation of alcohol. 

Oxidation of alcohols. This stable n dichlorination and then treatment with PhS reactive species generated in the Swem and ( oxidation of alcohols is performed in di (11 examples, 90-99%). ... 

Another article concerning liquid-phase reactions catalyzed by perovskites is that by Sugunan and Meera (1995). They studied the reduction of ketones and oxidation of alcohol using RBO3 (R = La, Pr or Sr, B = Cr, Mn, Co or Ni) perovskites. Their goal was, however, to correlate data from these test reactions with surface electron-donor properties of these oxides. The electron-donor properties were investigated by the adsorption of electron acceptors with different electron affinities such as para- and /n-dinitrobenzene, benzoquinone, etc. They adsorbed these electron acceptors on both the mixed and the individual oxides. The results obtained are not conclusive to explain the catalytic behavior of the solids studied on the basis of this single property, as is often the case in many catalytic systems. 

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