And lubrication products

FIGURE 9.2 This high-resolution electron micrograph shows the unique pore structure of the ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst. Molecules such as methanol and hydrocarbons can he catalytically converted within the pores to valuable fuels and lubricant products. Courtesy, Mobil Research and Development Corporation. 

Railway operation involves variable conditions the friction coefficient varies due to rain water, leaves and snow on the track and lubricant products which may migrate from flange contact to the railhead. The loading varies with passenger traffic and vehicles. Accurate prediction is very difficult and a good engineering solution involves... 

There are two major types of VDU ojjerations in a modem refinery -feedstock preparation and lubricant production. Feedstock preparation is the most common ojjeration that recovers gas oU from the atmospheric residue as a feed to the downstream conversion units (e.g. FCC and hydrocracking units), which converts the gas oil into more valuable liquid products such as gasoline and diesel. Lubricant production is designed to extract petroleum fractions from the atmospheric residue to produce luboil with desirable viscosity and other related properties. 

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