And genetic factors

The pathogenesis of duodenal ulcers (DU) and gastric ulcers (GU) is multifactorial and most likely reflects a combination of pathophysiologic abnormalities and environmental and genetic factors. 

Kawamoto T, Koga M, Oyama T, et al. 1996. Habitual and genetic factors that affect urinary background levels of biomarkers for organic solvent exposure. Arch Environ Contain Toxicol 30 114-120. 

Desmeules J, Gascon MP, Dayer P, Magistris M. 1991. Impact of environmental and genetic factors on codeine analgesia. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 41 23-26. 

Vesell ES, Lang CM, White WJ, et al. 1976. Environmental and genetic factors affecting the response of laboratory animals to dmgs. Fed Proc 35 1125-1132. 

Models should be developed to understand the relative importance of other variables as they affect plant dose-response. These include, but are not limited to, climatic, edaphic, biotic, and genetic factors. Considerable information is available, but there are many gaps, and no comprehensive programs are in progress to determine how these factors act and interact to affect a plant s response. 

The etiology of social anxiety remains unclear however, evidence suggests that developmental and genetic factors may predispose some individuals to social anxiety disorder. Adults with social anxiety disorder are more likely to report a history of childhood shyness and separation anxiety, limited social interaction during adolescence, and having had parents who placed great emphasis on the importance of the opinion of others. 

Weber IN, Raup DM (1966b) Eractionation of the stable isotopes of carbon and oxygen in marine calcareous organisms-the Echinoidea. 11. Environmental and genetic factors. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 30 705-736... 

Cancer is a disease present in people and animals in which the stracture and normal function of body tissues are disrupted. The exact etiology of most types of cancer is unknown. However, it is well known that infections, environmental factors (chemical substances, foreign particles, radiation), and genetic factors can induce transformation of normal cells to neoplastic cells, i.e. those that multiply and function abnormally. 

Race and genetic factors [e.g., FOKl gene polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor (VDR)]... 

Setting aside issues of compliance and administration errors, the therapeutic response experienced by each patient may be influenced by variations in pharmacokinetics (rate and extent of absorption, distribution, elimination) and pharmacodynamics (physiologic, pathologic, and genetic factors receptor interactions and tolerance). 

Although biological and genetic factors are undoubtedly important, they may not explain all the variance in the course and prognosis of a bipolar disorder. 

Errors of omission. The major causes of cancer (other than smoking) do not involve exposures to exogenous chemicals that cause cancer in high-dose tests rather, the major causes are dietary imbalances, hormonal factors, infection and inflammation, and genetic factors. Insufficiency of many vitamins and minerals, which is preventable by supplementation, causes DNA damage by a mechanism similar to radiation. 

Touchberry, R. W. 1974. Environmental and genetic factors in the development and maintenance of lactation. In Lactation A Comprehensive Treatise, Vol. 3. B.L. Larson and V. R. Smith (Editors). Academic Press, New York. 

The development of strains resistant to insecticides is an extremely widespread phenomenon that is known to have occurred in more than 200 species of insects and mites, and resistance of up to several 100-fold has been noted. The different biochemical and genetic factors involved have been studied extensively and well characterized. Relatively few vertebrate species are known to have developed pesticide resistance and the level of resistance in vertebrates is low compared to that often found in insects. Susceptible and resistant strains of pine voles exhibit a 7.4-fold difference in endrin toxicity. Similarly pine mice of a strain resistant to endrin were reported to be 12-fold more tolerant than a susceptible strain. Other examples include the occurrence of organochlorine insecticide-resistant and susceptible strains of mosquito fish, and resistance to Belladonna in certain rabbit strains. 

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