Ancient Orient

Chikashige, Masumi.Alchemy and other chemical achievements of the ancient orient the civilization of Japan and China in early times as seen from the chemical point of view. Translated by Nobuji Sasaki. Tokyo Rokakuho Uchida, 1936. vii, 102p... 

W. von Soden and D. G. Schley, The Ancient Orient—an Introduction to the Study of the Ancient Near East, William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, Grand Rapids, MI, USA, 1994. 

H. G. Wiedemann "The Investigation of Ancient Oriental Materials and Artifacts by Thermal Analysis." Plenary lecture 9 ICTA, Jerusalem, Israel, August 1988, Thermochim. Acta, 148, 95 (1989). 

On the life of Berossos cf. G. De Breucker, Berossos His Life and His Work, in The World of Berossos Proceedings of the 4th International Colloquium on The Ancient Near East between Classical and Ancient Oriental Traditions," Hafield College, Durham jth-gth July 2010, ed. Johannes Haubold, G.B. Lanfranchi, R. Rollinger, J. Steele (Wiesbaden Otto Harrassowitz, 2013), 15-28. 

Sudo, H. 2010. The Development of Wool Exploitation in Ubaid-Period Settlements of North Mesopotamia. In Beyond the Ubaid Transformation and Integration in the Late Prehistoric Societies of the Mieldle East, edited by R. Carter and G. Philip, 169-79. Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization 63. Chicago Oriental Institute. 

Although it is clear from evidence left by the ancient Oriental and Egyptian cultures that the properties of many minerals were then known, the first documented classification appears to be that of Theophrastus [c. 300 b.c.], who recognized metals, stones, and earths. It is worthy of comment that even in his time the last-named were prized for their properties, and indeed exploited, and that distinctions could be made between those of different mineralogical constitution (Robertson [1949, 1958, 1963]), despite the very primitive methods of investigation. 

Sandalwood Oil, East Indian. The use of sandalwood oil for its perfumery value is ancient, probably extending back some 4000 years. Oil from the powdered wood and roots of the tree Santalum album L. is produced primarily in India, under government control. Good quaUty oil is a pale yellow to yellow viscous Hquid characterized by an extremely soft, sweet—woody, almost ariimal—balsarnic odor. The extreme tenacity of the aroma makes it an ideal blender—fixative for woody-Oriental—floral fragrance bases. It also finds extensive use for the codistillation of other essential oils, such as rose, especially in India. There the so-called attars are made with sandalwood oil distilled over the flowers or by distillation of these flowers into sandalwood oil. The principal constituents of sandalwood oil are shown in Table 11 (37) and Figure 2. 

Datta, H.N. "Alchemy - ancient and modern." In Acharrya Ray memorial volume, ed. H.N. Datta, 600-615. Calcutta Calcutta Oriental P, 1932. 

Narayanaswami Aiyer, C.S. "Ancient Indian chemistry and alchemy of the chemico- philosophical siddhanta system of the Indian mystics." In Proc Trans 3rd Oriental Conf (1924), 597-614.. ... 

Patvardhan, R.V. "Rasavidya or alchemy in ancient India." In Proc Trans 1st Oriental Conf (1919), i, civ.. ... 

Polymers that are built from the repetition of identical "repeat units" are called "homopolymers" (from ancient Greek "d/iog — same).2 Linear homopolymer chains are obtained upon linking chemically identical units exclusively at both ends. However, repeat units are not always symmetrical in the chain direction. Depending on the orientation of the repeat unit, different microstructural... 

Soybeans have been used as food in the Orient since ancient times and various methods have been developed to make soybeans as palatable as possible. In recent years, a large number of these simply processed soyfoods are emerging in the West. Tofu and tempeh are the most popular and have the fastest growth rate of any soyfood in America. Tofu is made by coagulating the protein with a calcium or magnesium salt from a hot-water extracted, protein-oil emulsion of whole soybeans. 

Antimony, like arsenic, was known to the ancients, but perhaps only in the form of its sulfide, which Oriental women of leisure used to use to darken and beautify their eyebrows (4). 

This is similar to the analysis made by Mitcham in the ancient Greek concept techne was orientated towards particulars, about making a particular thing, out of particular matter, matter that could not be completely known by reason, using skills that also could not be fully articulated. In contrast, modern making activities are about the efficient production of many things of the same kind in order to make money (Mitcham, 1994, pl23). 

Borax was a rarity in Ancient Rome, found only near a few Tuscan hot springs. But then, in the thirteenth century, Marco Polo returned from the Orient with samples of gunpowder, spaghetti, and white crystals of borax. The Italians quickly fig-... 

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