Ancient maps

K. Saito, T. Mitsutani, T. Imai, Y. Matsushita and K. Fukushima, Discriminating the indistinguishable sapwood from heartwood in discolored ancient wood by direct molecular mapping of specific extractives using time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, Analytical Chemistry, 80, 1552 1557 (2008). 

Indonesia Heritage Ancient History. Singapore Editions Didier Millet. Miksic, John and Cheryl-Ann Mei Gek Low (eds.) 2004. Early Singapore, 1300s-1819 Evidence in Maps, Texts and Artefacts. Singapore History Museum. 

Teotihuacan potters, located in the southern part of the ancient city on grid square S2E1 of the Millon map. The genuine Oaxacan sherds taken for comparison were surface collections from two sites, Caballito Blanco and Dain Zu (Macuilxochitl), located 40 and 22 km (respectively) southeast of Oaxaca while the clay was from the source being used today by the famous potter Rosa of Coyotepec, about 12 km south of Oaxaca. 

In fact, all societies have invented constellations.4 The ones with which we are now familiar were developed so long ago that some of their origin is a mystery. Astro-historians believe they go back to the Mesopotamia of 2000 b.c. The earliest constellation maps were adopted by the ancient Greeks and then by the Romans who gave them Latin names that we use today. In a sense, the constellations are a record and reflection of human civilizations and their thinking (figure 9.1). The most famous constellations are in the zodiac, a set of 12 constellations that lie along the ecliptic, the plane of the Earth s orbit and of the Sun s apparent annual path. Here we see Leo the Lion, Taurus... 

Earlier in Ghapter 5 a map of the G age of DIG in the ocean s deep waters (Fig. 5.17) revealed that the age difference between the northern North Atlantic Deep Water and that in the Northeast Pacific is C.1700 y. This value compares the most recent and most ancient ventilation ages of the deep ocean, whereas the box model compares the mean deep water age of the entire ocean, c. - 160%o (c. 1480 y) with that of the surface ocean, c. - 50%o (400 y) (1480 - 400 = 1080 y). In some ways, the largest task of the two-layer-ocean calculation is determining representative A G values for the mean surface and deep ocean. More complicated models with more reservoirs (see, for... 

Some of the more spectacular uses of PCR include cloning of ancient DNA from extinct species such as the woolly mammoth ruling out suspects in criminal cases by forensic science, and providing genomic markers (STSs) in chromosome-mapping studies used in the Human Genome Project (see Chapter 21). 

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