Anchoring function, specificity

Yeast cell-surface engineering has been established to display enzymes, functional proteins, antibodies, and combinatorial protein libraries (Kondo and Ueda, 2004). The cell surface is a functional interface between the inside and outside of the cell allowing some surface proteins to extend across the plasma membrane, while others are bound by non-covalent or covalent interactions to the cell surface components. For anchoring surface-specific proteins, yeast cells have molecular systems to confine... 

Most of the abovementioned resins are commercially available either as amino-functionalized resins or with a variety of different linkers attached. The amino-functionalized resins allow for anchoring of specific linkers by a standard amide bond. 

Apart from the mentioned advantages, the polymeric reagents covalently adsorbed by silica also diminish its inherent non-specific adsorptivity. One of the ways to synthesize a polymeric modifier of this type is a copolymerization of a vinylsilane with a compound of the desired functionality. The segments carrying silyl groups will condense with the surface silanols forming anchors or trains . 

Ilk, N. Kosma, P. Puchberger, M. Egelseer, E. M. Mayer, H. F. Sleytr, U. B. Sara, M. Structural and functional analyses of the secondary cell wall polymer of Bacillus sphaericus CCM 2177 that serves as an S-layer-specific anchor. J. Bacterial. 1999,181,7643-7646. 

There are multiple isoforms of the a and p subunits of soluble GC that exhibit distinct tissue and cellular distributions. Most of the isoforms are expressed in brain, including 0Ci 3 and and P3. The p2 subunit is found primarily in lung. This isoform also contains a consensus sequence at its carboxy terminus for isoprenylation or carboxymethyl-ation, which could serve to anchor the protein to the plasma membrane. It has been proposed that specific isoforms of the a and P subunits of GC may form heterodimers with distinct functional and regulatory properties, although this remains to be established with certainty. 

Specific receptors for siderophores and vitamin B12 have been identified in the OM of Gram-negative bacteria. The translocation of these ligands across the outer membrane follows an energy-dependent mechanism and also involves the TonB, ExbB, ExbD proteins anchored in the cytoplasmic membrane. Biochemical and genetic data indicate that these proteins form a functional unit (the Ton complex), which couples the outer membrane receptor-mediated... 

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