Analytical and Physical Studies

and laser Raman spectroscopy have been used to determine the structure of a RNA DNA hybrid r(A)g d(T)g. ° Nucleotide residues in the riboadenylate strand exhibit a C-3 endo sugar pucker and a phosphodiester 

Positive ion fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry has been used to develop a procedure for the identification of cyclic nucleotides. Computational studies have shovm that cGMP is expected to prefer the syn-conformation, whilst cAMP prefers the anti-conformation.An intramolecular hydrogen bond between the C-2 amine fvmction of guanine and the axial oxygen atom of the cyclic phosphate is implicated in increasing the relative stability of the syn-conformation of cOlP. These conformational profiles may help to explain selectivity of binding and activation of proteins by cyclic nucleotides. 

Nucleic Acids in Chemistry and Molecular Biology, G.M. Blackburn and M.J. Galt, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1990. 

Nucleic Acids Svmp. Ser. No. 21. 1989 Nucleosides Nucleotides. 1989, 8, Nos. 5 arid 6. 

Bachmeier, R. Herrmann, F. Jacob, R. Karl, H. Klein, B. Landgraf, P. Lemmen, W. Richter and U. Verfuerth, Phosphorus Sulfur Silicon Relat.Elem., 1990, 51-52. 57. 

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On the other hand, the basic properties and behavior of dendrimer-like star-branched polymers have not been characterized enough and related morphological and rheological studies have just started at the present time (Lee et al., 2008). As mentioned in Section 5.3, direct and even indirect evidence for the real shapes of dendrimer-like star-branched polymers has not been obtained yet. Thus, it may be time to clarify the whole image of dendrimer-like star-branched polymers by developing not only synthetic, but also analytical and physical studies. 

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