Anacardic acids isolation

By way of comparison, we might consider the famesol/anacardic acid synergism against P. acnes. Its antibacterial activity against this follicular bacterium was significantly increased in combination with AMIC of anacardic acid isolated from the cashew Anacardium occidentale (Anacardiaceae) apple, nut and nut shell oil (32). More specifically, the MIC of famesol was lowered from 6.25 to 0.78 /tg/ml, in combination with 0.39 ftg/ml of anacardic acid. Interestingly, this synergism was found to be vice versa the MIC of anacardic acid was reduced from 0.78 to 0.2 /tg/ml when it was combined with 3.13 /tg/ml of famesol (33). The mode of action of the combination, however, remains unclear. 

Several small molecule modulators (SMM) of p300 and PCAF have been developed (Varier et al, 2004). Recently, the first naturally occurring HAT inhibitor anacardic acid was isolated from cashew nut shell liquid, which inhibits the HAT activity of both p300 and PCAF very effectively (Balasubramanyam et al, 2003). By using anacardic acid as a synthon, an amide derivative of anacardic acid, CTPB, has been synthesized, which is the only known small molecule activator of any histone acetyltransferase, in this case, p300. However, cells are impermeable or... 

Antimicrobial base materials formulated with metal and amine salts of anacardic acid, said to be non-irritative, have been proposed for cosmetic use [270]. It is of interest that anacardic acid and 2(E)-hexenal isolated from the cashew apple to which the pendant kernel (the external seed) is attached have been found to exhibit antibacterial activity against the Gram-negative bacterium, Helicobacter pylori, which is considered to cause acute gastritis [271]. The same compounds also inhibit the enzyme urease. 

Medium within 60 min (Fig. lOd). Zoosporicidal activities of other two commercial tannins, Quebracho and Mimosa were similar to that of Lannea tannin. In contrast, 22 lw7-anacardic acid (27) isolated from the Ginkgo biloba caused shrinkage of zoospores followed by bursting at a single point of each spore without forming any characteristic fragmentation of cellular materials [104]. 

A chemical/chromatographic method has been used to determine the first double bond position in the unsaturated anacardic acid constituents of Pistacia vera (ref. 9). The isolated constituent was methylated, dihydroxylated with performic acid, hydrolysed to remove some formate ester, oxidised with potassium periodate in acidic solution and the aldehydes formed reduced with sodium borohydride to the primary alcohols (refs. 226). The retention time of the aromatic product methyl 2-methoxy-6-(8-hydroxyoctyl)benzoate (C8 side chain) was compared with those of the Cl, C3, C7 and CIO synthetic analogues and from the linear plot of retention time against methylenic carbon chain length, the double bond could be readily assigned to the 8-position. Nevertheless mostly on account of limited sample availability and the time involved in purely synthetic verification. 

Isolation and purification of exudate. The exudate from both the resistant and susceptible plants was collected by immersing the inflorescences (minus the petals) in methylene chloride for one hour. The extract was then dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and evaporated to leave the crude anacardic acid residue. This procedure had previously been shown to produce a representative extract of anacardic acids (5. 61. 

In the determination of carbamate insecticide residues, the parent phenols were coupled with diazotized p-nitroaniline and the azo dye isolated (29). In a combined TLCVGLC procedure for quantitative determination of the polyunsaturated constituents of the cashew phenols following an initial TLC separation, the eluted phenols, cardanol, 2-methylcardol, and a small proportion of anacardic acid each containing mono-, di-, and triene constituents were examined by GLC (30). 

In addition to the above substances, a large variety of polysaccharides, long-chain hydrocarbons, alcohols, and acids have been isolated, as well as (Z,Z)-4,4 -(1, 4-pentadiene-l, 5-diyl) diphenol and 6-hydroxykynurenic acid [1, 2]. The cytotoxic, mutagenic, and allergenic potential of some constituents, especially anacardic or ginkgolic acids, limits the use of a crude leaf extract for therapeutical... 

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