Amyloid beta Plaques

Yamamoto M, BHyota T, Horiba M, Buescher JL, Walsh SM, Gendelmaii HE, Ikezu T (2007b) Interferon- gamma and Tumor Necrosis Factor- alpha Regulate Amyloid- beta Plaque Deposidoii and beta -Secretase Expression in Swedish Mutant APP Transgenic Mice. Am J Padiol 170 680-692. 

B. J. Bacskai, B.T. Hyman, Rapid appearance and local toxicity of amyloid-beta plaques in a mouse model of Alzheimer s disease. Nature 451, 720-724 (2008)... 

B. J. Bacskai, J. Skoch, G.A. Hickey, R. Allen, B.T. Hyman, Fluorescence resonance energy transfer determinations using multiphoton fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy to characterize amyloid-beta plaques, J. Biomed. Opt 8, 368-375 (2003)... 

Cirrito, J. R., May, P. C., O Dell, M. A. et al. In vivo assessment of brain interstitial fluid with microdialysis reveals plaque-associated changes in amyloid-beta metabolism and half-life. /. Neurosci. 23 8844-8853, 2003. 

Perutz, M. F., Pope, B. J., Owen, D., Wanker, E. E., and Scherzinger, E. (2002b). Aggregation of proteins with expanded glutamine and alanine repeats of the glutamine-rich and asparagine-rich domains of Sup35 and of the amyloid beta-peptide of amyloid plaques. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99, 5596-5600. 

Yang F, Lim GP, Begum AN, Ubeda OJ, Simmons MR, Ambegaokar SS, Chen PP, Kayed R, Glabe CG Frautschy SA, Cole GM. (2005) Curcumin inhibits formation of amyloid beta oligomers and fibrils, binds plaques, and reduces amyloid in vivo. J Biol Chem 280 5892-5901. 

Lee H. G., Casadesus G., Zhu X. W., Takeda A., Perry G., and Smith M. A. (2004). Challenging the amyloid cascade hypothesis - Senile plaques and amyloid-beta as protective adaptations to Alzheimer disease. In DeGrey A. D. N. (ed.), Strategies for Engineered Negligible Senescence Why Genuine Control of Aging May Be Foreseeable. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences New York Acad Sciences, pp. 1-4. 

Dong, J., Atwood, C.S., Anderson, V.E., et al. (2003) Metal binding and oxidation of amyloid-beta within isolated senile plaque cores Raman microscopic evidence. Biochemistry 42, 2768-2773. 

Amyloid beta-pephde Enriched in amyloid plaques Liao et al. 2004... 

Lee HG, Casadesus G, Zhu X, Takeda A, Perry G, Smith MA (2004) Challenging the amyloid cascade hypothesis senile plaques and amyloid-beta as protective adaptations to Alzheimer disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1019 1-4... 

Scheuner D, Eckman C, Jensen M, Song X, Citron M, Suzuki N, Bird TD, Hardy J, Hutton M, Kukull W, Larson E, Levy-Lahad E, Viitanen M, Peskind E, Poorkaj P, Schellenberg G, Tanzi R, Wasco W, Larmfelt L, Selkoe D, Younkin S (1996) Secreted amyloid beta-protein similar to that in the senile plaques of Alzheimer s disease is increased in vivo by the presenilin 1 and 2 and APP mutations linked to familial Alzheimer s disease. Nat Med 2 864-870. 

Wyss-Coray T, Lin C, Yan F, Yu GQ, Rohde M, McConlogue L, Masliali E, Mucke L (2001) TGF-betal promotes microglial amyloid-beta cleai ance and reduces plaque burden in d ansgenic mice. Nat Med 7 612-618. 

Lemere CA, Blusztajn JK, Yamaguchi H, Wisniewski T, Saido TC, SelkoeDJ (1996) Sequence of deposition of heterogeneous amyloid beta-peptides and APO E in Down syndrome Implications for initial events in amyloid plaque formation. Neurobiol Dis 3 16-32. 

Statins, used predominantly in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, act by inhibiting 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, which regulates the synthesis of cholesterol. Statins are also agonists of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs), which are part of the nuclear receptor superfamily and when activated, can suppress transcription of pro-inflammatory genes (Chinetti et al., 2000). In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that a decrease in serum cholesterol inhibits the production of beta amyloid and plaque (Simons et al., 1998 Fassbender et al.,... 

AP Amyloid-beta is a peptide of 39 3 amino acids that is the main constituent of amyloid plaques in the brains of Alzheimer s disease patients. Similar plaques appear in some variants of Lewy body dementia and in inclusion body myositis, a muscle disease. Ap also forms aggregates coating cerebral blood vessels in cerebral amyloid angiopathy. 

---