Amplitude reflection coefficient

These reflection and transmission coefficients relate the pressure amplitude in the reflected wave, and the amplitude of the appropriate stress component in each transmitted wave, to the pressure amplitude in the incident wave. The pressure amplitude in the incident wave is a natural parameter to work with, because it is a scalar quantity, whereas the displacement amplitude is a vector. The displacement amplitude reflection coefficient has the opposite sign to (6.90) or (6.94) the displacement amplitude transmission coefficients can be obtained from (6.91) and (6.92) by dividing by the appropriate longitudinal or shear impedance in the solid and multiplying by the impedance in the fluid. The impedances actually relate force per unit area to displacement velocity, but displacement velocity is related to displacement by a factor to which is the same for each of the incident, reflected, and transmitted waves, and so it all comes to the same thing in the end. In some mathematical texts the reflection... 

The rv terms are amplitude reflection coefficients, which define the ratio of the electric field amplitudes of the reflected and incident rays. They can have values between plus and minus unity. The observable quantities are the intensity reflection coefficients, Rv, which are the square of the amplitude reflection coefficients. 

The change in the state of polarized light upon reflection is characterized by the amplitude reflection coefficient, R, of the plane parallel (p) and perpendicular (s) to the plane of incidence, as follows ... 

For convenience, the ratio p of the Fresnel amplitude reflection coefficients for p- and s-polarized light is introduced and given by... 

Where, y/ and A are also called ellipsometry parameters. The ratio of the modulus of the amplitude reflection coefficients is given by tan y/, and the phase difference between p- and s-polarized reflected light is given by A. The two ellipsometry parameters y/ and A are obtained directly from the measurement of ellipsometry. 

According to classical electromagnetic theory, Fresnel s amplitude reflection coefficient r for specular reflection (reflection at normal incidence) from a sample (i.e., air/sample interface) is given as [1,2]... 

The refleetanee R is an observable quantity, whieh is related to the amplitude reflection coefficient r by the following equation... 

Figure 10.2 Dependence of the calculated amplitude reflection coefficients (p and p ) and...

When infrared radiation with electric field amplitude Eo impinges on the film-covered substrate, some is reflected from the ambient/film interface while some is transmitted into the film and then reflected at the film/substrate interface. Some of the radiation reflected at the film/substrate interface is reflected back into the film at the film/ambient interface. However, some is transmitted into the ambient (see Fig. 4). The reflection coefficient (r) for the film/substrate system is calculated by summing the electric field amplitudes for all of the waves reflected into the ambient and then dividing by the electric field amplitude Eo) of the incident radiation. 

In these expressions an absolute amplitude is implicit in A, including transmission coefficients each way for the lens surface. Also, for simplicity, the normal reflection coefficient R0(0) has been used in (7.39) this is appropriate in accounting for V(z) oscillations because, as the lens is defocused in the negative z direction, only rays increasingly close to the normal contribute to the geometrical term. 

Here, the r s are reflection coefficients (outgoing to incoming intensities) and p and s refer to the parallel and perpendicular components of the light, respectively. The quantity t t represents the change in amplitude of the light on contacting the film, and A represents the change in phase difference similarly caused these two variables are related to the thickness x and the refractive index n of the film. 

Ellipsometry27,60 62) is based on the principle that light undergoes a change in polarizability when it is reflected at a surface. The refractive index of the surface and the reflection coefficient of a system can be calculated from the change in the phase retardation A and the change in the amplitude ratio tan ip. Adsorption of a polymer on a surface gives rise... 

The impedance is practically important because it determines the proportion of an ultrasonic wave which is reflected from a boundary between materials. When a plane ultrasonic wave is incident on a plane interface between two materials of different acoustic impedance it is partly reflected and partly transmitted (Figure 3). The ratios of the amplitudes of the transmitted (At) and reflected (Ar) waves to that of the incident wave (Aj) are called the transmission (T) and reflection coefficients (R), respectively. 

A light wave of E vector amplitude E0 is incident at an angle 0 to the interface between two transparent media with refractive indices h and nt. For E vectors in the plane of incidence the reflection coefficient r is... 

The amplitude reflects the geometric characteristic of the holes and the physical character of the interaction cloaked in the coefficients Ci and C2. 

E z) and Em(z) are, respectively, the waves travelling toward the fixed and the moving mirrors and t and r are the amplitude transmission and reflection coefficients. These should not be confused with the transmittance and the reflectance. When theses waves return to the beamsplitter they will be divided again. Some of the light will propagate back toward the source and the rest to the detector. The waves which are detector bound are now,... 

Haake and Dual have developed models for calculating the transmitted wave as a function of the applied electric voltage and incident wave. They found application of an electrical impedance to the piezo-device to allow the reflection coefficient to be altered in amplitude and phase, and hence the characteristics of the reflected wave to be controlled [62]. 

When an uitrasonic compressionai wave impinges normaiiy on a boundary between two materiais of different acoustic impedances, it is partly reflected and partly transmitted. The ratio of the ampiitude of the refiected wave A ) to that of the incident wave A is called the reflection coefficient (R), and the ratio of the amplitude of the transmitted wave At) to that of the incident wave the transmission coefficient (T). The appropriate coefficients when particie velocity amplitudes are used are [41]... 

Ellipticity can be induced by reflection because of the fact that the reflection coefficients for the two components in the p and s directions are different. A reflection coefficient comprises two parts, an amplitude term and a phase term, and for this reason complex number representation is used to describe it. The "phasor notation is a convention that provides a compact way of representing reflection coefficients... 

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