Amplifier gated integrator

The block diagram of the electronic circuitry is presented in Fig.2 the cathodically pulsed potential (Fig.3a) for the electroluminescence generation was provided by a microprocessor-based pulse generator with a home-made potentiostat (single operational amplifier (741) with a transistor booster) photomultiplier output was amplified, demodulated by a simple gated integrator and finally registered on a recorder. 

Figure 14.7 Typical resolutions as a function of shaping time for (a) gated integrator, and (b) semi-Gaussian amplifiers...

Figure 13.12. Images and electrical measurements of integrated circuits that use semiconductor wires and ribbons on plastic, (a) Silicon ribbon five-stage ring oscillator and (b) differential amplifier. (Reprinted with permission from Ref. 87. Copyright 2007 American Institute of Physics.) (c) GaAs logic gates. (Reprinted with permission from Ref. 86. Copyright 2006 Wiley-VCH Verlag.)...

Metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) are field effect transistors with a thin film of silicon dioxide between the gate electrode and the semiconductor. The charge on the silicon dioxide controls the size of the depletion zone in the polype semiconductor. MOSFETs are easier to mass produce and are used in integrated circuits and microprocessors for computers and in amplifiers for cassette players. Traditionally, transistors have been silicon based but a recent development is field-effect transistors based on organic materials. 

Field effect transistor (FET) A monolithic amplifying device (transistor) in which a gate electrode controls the flow of current carriers through a thin bar of semiconductor called the channel. FETs are very popular for integrated circuits because of their ease of mass fabrication on a substrate. 

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