Amorphous state of polymers

G. Mitchell, Order in the Amorphous State of Polymers, Plenum Press, New York (1986). 

The rubbery amorphous state of polymers has the greatest correspondence with the liquid state of organic compounds. So it may be expected that the molar volume per structural unit of polymers in this state can be predicted by using the averaged values of the group contributions mentioned in Table 4.5 (Van Krevelen and Hoftyzer, 1969). 

Boyer, R. R, Evidence from Tll and related phenomena for local structure in the amorphous state of polymers, in Order in the Amorphous State, Miller, R. L., and Rieke, J. K., Eds., Plenum Press, New York, 1987. 

Boyer RF (1987) In Keinath SE, Miller RL, Reieke JK (Eds) Order in the amorphous state of polymers, Plenum Press, New York, p 135 Pechhold W (1968) Kolloid-Z Z Polym 228 1... 

In MD, too, demands for the future should be obvious from the discussion in Sections 3, 6, and 7.1. To obtain realistic simulations of the dynamics, not only is it essential to simulate considerably longer real-time relaxations but also to include an adequate number of particles in the simulation box. This is particularly important for modeling amorphous states of polymer systems for which the demands of computer storage and speed are critical and at present inadequately met. 

A. Bernes and C. Locahanne, in S. E. Keithwath, ed.. Order in the Amorphous State of Polymers, Plenum Publishing Corp., New York, 1987, p. 305. 

Polymers are either in the fully amorphous state or in the fully crystalline state, or in the states partial between them. When they are in the amorphous state of homogeneous solutions or melt, polymer chains are fully disordered, as described by a random-coil model. The random-coil model was first proposed by Kuhn (1934) as well as by Guth and Mark (1934) to predict the entropic elasticity of polymer chains, and then was used to describe the amorphous state of polymers by Flory (1953) and others. 

Kozlov, G. V, Sanditov, D. S., Lipatov, Yu. S. (2004). Structural Analysis of Fluctuation Free Volume in Amorphous State of Polymers. In Achievements in Polymers Physics-Chemistry Field. Zaikov, G. E., Berlin, A. A., Zlotskii, S. S., Minsker, K. S., Monakov, Yu. B. Ed. Moscow, Khimija, 412 74. 

Ceil P H (1987) Ultraquenching, double Tg, order, and motion in amorphous polymers, in Order in the Amorphous State of Polymers (Eds. Keinath S K, Miller R L and Rieke J K) Plenum, New York, pp. 83-91. 

The relative fraction of dynamic local order (clusters) can be estimated within the frameworks of the cluster model of the amorphous state of polymers [11] ... 

EVIDENCE FROM AND RELATED PHENOMENA FOR LOCAL STRUCTURE IN THE AMORPHOUS STATE OF POLYMERS... 

Also included was a five page treatment in the 110 page review covering the question of order or structure in the amorphous state of polymers. Its main purpose was to summarize the controversy about structure and to emphasize the bearing of Tji phenomena on the issue for atactic polymers. The present paper is an elaboration on the same theme emphasizing topics previously not treated or covered only superficially. Our main theme involving T / and strucmre is developed in Sections I through VI. However, a series of appendices provide additional details on certain specific topics introduced in these sections. 

The question concerning order in the amorphous state of polymers and oligomers is still a matter of controversy. Through the identification of transition phenomena like the Tn transition and the transitions- within the liquid state, this controversy took on a new dimension. This is evident because the occurrence of a phase transition generally suggests the question about structural changes at the transition and the nature of the connected order parameter(s). The Tn and T transitions seem to be of a different nature. Whereas the former is mainly observed in noncrystallizable polymers, the latter manifests itself mainly in oligomers and polymers which are able to crystallize. But the T transition has also been detected recently in a noncrystallizable side chain liquid crystalline polymer (cf. II1.2).lO... 

Proceedings of the 17th International Symposium on Order in the Amorphous State of Polymers, held August 18-21, 1985, in Midland, Michigan —T.p. verso. Dedicated to Raymond F. Boyer in honor of his 75th birthday. 

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