Amorphous carbon materials polymeric carbons

The available range of membrane materials includes polymeric, carbon, silica, zeolite and other ceramics, as well as composites. Each type of membrane can have a different porous structure, as illustrated in Figure 5.2. Membranes can be thought of as having a fixed (immovable) network of pores in which the gas molecule travels, with the exception of most polymeric membranes [28,44]. Polymeric membranes are composed of an amorphous mix of polymer chains whose interactions involve mostly van der Waals forces. However, some polymers reveal a behaviour that is consistent with the idea of existence of opened pores within their matrix. This is especially true for high free volume, high... 

Another common antistatic agent is carbon black, a form of amorphous carbon with intrinsic conductivity. The conductivity of carbon black, therefore, does not change with humidity. Carbon black is used in coating formulations and as a conductive filler in polymeric materials, especially in the electronics industry. The main drawback of carbon black is its intrinsic black color and the tendency to generate particles that dissipate in the clean room air and may cause undesired shorts. 

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