Amorphous carbon materials

IR, Raman, NMR, ESR, UPS, XPS, AES, EELS, SIMS) [1]. However, some industrial carbon materials such as amorphous carbon films and carbon black cannot be easily characterized from the local-structure point of view by these methods, because these materials usually take amorphous and complex structures. Recently, soft X-ray emission and absorption spectroscopy using highly brilliant synchrotron radiation [2] has been utilized to characterize various carbon materials, because information on both the occupied and unoccupied orbitals, which directly reflect the local structure and chemical states, can be provided from the high-resolution soft X-ray measurements. We have applied the soft X-ray spectroscopy to elucidate the local structure and chemical states of various carbon materials [3]. Additionally, we have successfully used the discrete variational (DV)-Xa method [4] for the soft X-ray spectroscopic analysis of the carbon materials, because the DV-Xa method can easily treat complex carbon cluster models, which should be considered for the structural analysis of amorphous carbon materials. 

Supercritical water as well may bear oxidizing effect under suitable conditions. The reaction can also serve to purify nanotube samples as these are less reactive than the impurities present The removal of catalyst particles and amorphous carbon material is achieved this way. 

A term that refers to the various different forms of amorphous carbon materials that exhibit some of the properties of diamond. 

Mukai SR, Hasegawa T, Takagi M, Tamon H. Reduction of irreversible capacities of amorphous carbon materials for lithium ion battery anodes by Li2C03 addition. Carbon 2004 42(4) 837-842. 

Since the development of the lithium-ion battery, negative electrode materials that have been investigated include graphitic carbon materials, amorphous carbon materials, nitrides, silicon-based materials, tin-based materials, new alloys, nano-oxides, and other materials. Ideally, negative electrode materials should have these characteristics ... 

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) An amorphous carbon material with mostly sp bonding that exhibits many of the desirable properties of diamond but does not have diamond s crystal structure. 

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