Ammunition, smoke , with

Ammunition, smoke with or without burster, expelling charge or propelling charge 0015... 

Ammunition, smoke, white phosphorus with burster, expelling charge, or propelling charge 0246... 

Grenades, hand or rifle Articles which are designed to be thrown by hand or to be projected by a rifle. The term includes. Grenades, hand or rifle, with bursting charge Grenades, Practice, hand or rifle. The term excludes grenades, smoke which are listed under Ammunition, Smoke. UN App. B, ICAO A2, lATA App. A... 

Ammunition, smoke (water-activated contrivances), with or without white phosphorus or phosphides, with burster, expelling charge or propelling charge, see Ammunition, p.8... 

The purpose of the wartime Chemical Warfare Service had been to handle all matters relating to toxic agents and ammunition together with gas defense material. Incendiaries and smokes had not been mentioned in the wartime charter of the Chemical Warfare Service although before the end of the war it had actually done considerable work on both these items. This fact is reflected in the wording of the revised National Defense Act, which accordingly enlarged the CWS field. Thus was completed the shift in emphasis from the "gas service of 1917 to the "chemical service of 1920. 

Starting with one basic type of shell in 1942, the CWS evolved a variety of shells for the 4.2-inch mortar. Only three of these, HE, white phosphorus, and FS smoke, were employed in battle, but their effectiveness led Generalleutnant Oschner to say, in speaking of the American mortar, that "the various types of ammunition used with it are excellent. ... 

Chemical Bombs Under this name are bombs filled with a chemical agent(qv). Some US chemical bombs are listed in Vol 2 of this Encyclopedia under BOMBS and most Ger chemical bombs of WWII are listed in Ref 4 Some fairly recent US chemical bombs are listed in Refs 1,2 3, but none is listed or described in the latest edition of "Ammunition Complete. Round Charts (Ref 5). The smoke bombs described on sheets 13 14 of Ref 5 are used for signalling, and for this reason are classified not as chemical bombs but as pyrotechnic items... 

Other incendiary compositions used in older ammunition were potassium chlorate based with a mixture of potassium chlorate and mercury sulfocyanide as the priming composition. Another older incendiary composition consisted of potassium nitrate, magnesium, aluminum, and lead oxide.72,73 Multipurpose filled bullets are also manufactured, for example, armor piercing/incendiary, armor piercing/tracer, and spotter tracer bullets, which leave a visible trace and produce a puff of smoke on impact. One such smoke charge is lead dioxide 85% and powdered aluminum 15%. There... 

W. Lichtenberg, Examination of the Powder Smoke of Ammunition with Lead-Free Priming Compositions, Kriminalistik (December 1983) 377. 

Examination of the Powder Smoke of a Recent Type of Ammunition with Conventional Priming Composition and Changed Projectile, Paper 9, Proceedings of the Conference on Smoke Traces, Bundeskriminalamt (Federal Criminal Investigation Office), Wiesbaden, June 1985. 

Military pyrotechnics are closely connected with the field of military explosives they are used in many special types of ammunition and munition and also in such devices as flares, rockets, and smoke pots. With the tremendous development of the military air forces the importance of obscuring smokes and incendiary activities has been greatly... 

The terrors of the gas cloud and the artillery bombardment were combined in a weapon which the Germans came to view with particular horror. A captured German document spoke of the violent explosion of a projector attack volcanic sheets of flame or the simultaneous occurrence of many gun flashes, thick black smoke clouds, powerful concussion, whistling and noise of impact up to 2,5 seconds after the flash of discharge. .. the noise resembles that of an exploding dump of hand grenades. 32 At Arras, the German gun crews were forced to wear their masks for hours on end many ran out of ammunition as the gas killed hundreds of horses used to carry munitions up to the front. 

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