Ammono-bases

Acids, bases, and salts.—To distinguish between the ordinary oxygen salts, acids, and bases and those compounds which bear an analogous relation to ammonia, E. C. Franklin applies the term hydro-salts, hydro-acids, and hydro-bases to those compounds which are related to water, like the ammono-salts, ammom-acids, and ammono-bases are related to the corresponding ammonia derivative. The terms... 

Franklin developed an ammono-system of acids, bases, and salts in liquid ammonia and showed that in this solvent the amides of metals (e.g. KNH2) are bases, and the amides of metalloids (e.g. CO(NH2)2) are acids. They react with each other with the formation of salt-like compounds... 

The Amadori rearrangement has some features of the Lobry de Bruyn-Alberda van Ekenstein transformation, as can be seen from the ammono analogy to sugar enolization formulated in Part 2 of this Section. Both reactions occur in basic media, and each doubtless involves 1,2-enolization of the sugar. However, the Amadori rearrangement proceeds by acceptance of a proton from the acid catalyst, whereas the Lobry de Bruyn Alberda van Ekenstein transformation proceeds by delivery of a proton to the base catalyst. Aside from what may be argued as to the enolization mechanism, there are other important differences. 

Based on the preceding, as well as on known characteristics of ammono-lytic reactions, it appears reasonable to discuss the subject imder the following broad classifications ... 

Preparation of cross-linked PAN supports has been reported in the literature by Peinemann et al. (2001), when an epoxidized PAN copolymer was subjected to ammono-lysis providing highly solvent stable [including stability in dimethylformamide (DMF)] supports. A highly solvent-resistant UF membrane based on poly(acrylonitrile-co-glycidyl methacrylate) (PANGMA) was reported (Hicke et al., 2002). This membrane was prepared by phase inversion followed by ammonolysis and was also stable in DMF, thus being a very attractive support for preparation of OSN-TFC membranes. 

Other characteristic properties of acids and bases, such as the reaction of acids with metals and of bases with non-metals, were observed. The similarity between ammonia and water solutions was demonstrated very widely. Acids like B(OH)3 and B(NH2)3 were compared, and the latter was called an ammono acid. BiN reacts with NH4I in ammonia to form Bils and NH3, just as in water Bi203 reacts with HCl to give BiCl3 and H2O. The behavior of Zn (NH2)2 ill ammonia is analogous to that of Zn(OH)2 in water. Both are insoluble, but the addition of KNH2 and KOH, respectively, brings them into solution. Zn(NH2)2 is amphoteric in the same way that Zn(OH)2 is ... 

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