Ammonium compounds, from

Absorption of some highly ionized compounds (e.g., sulfonic acids and quaternary ammonium compounds) from the gastrointestinal tract cannot be explained in terms of the transport mechanisms discussed earUer. These compounds are known to penetrate the Upid membrane despite their low Upid-water partition coefficients. It is postulated that these highly lipophobic drugs combine reversibly with such endogenous compounds as mucin in the gastrointestinal lumen, forming neutral ion pair complexes it is this neutral complex that penetrates the Upid membrane by passive diffusion. 

The activity of chlorine as a bactericide is decreased by the presence of large quantities of algal slimes and certain process leaks (for example, hydrogen sulfide from petrochemical industries, ammonium compounds from fertilizer production, or citrates from the bioengineering manufacture of citric acid, but not hydrocarbon oil leaks from an oil refinery). 

Use of non-aqueous solvents such as methanol for the preparation of the sodium cel 1 u1 osates, tertiary butanol for the preparation of the tertiary amine, diethyl ami noethylcellulose and absolute ethanol for the preparation of quaternary ammonium compounds from the tertiary amine celluloses has made it possible to form cellulose anion exchangers in fabric form that contain up to 4.0% nitrogen. Usually, the maximum amount of nitrogen obtained with aqueous preparations is approximately 0.7%. 

Figure 2.7 Quaternary ammonium compounds from fatty nitrile.

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