Ammonia oceanic emission

Barrett K (1998) Oceanic ammonia emissions in Europe and their transboundary fluxes. Atmos Environ 32 381-391... 

Natural acidity is contributed from emissions of acidic or acidifying compounds from volcanoes (Pyle et al., 1996 Camuffo, 1992), including compounds of S, N, Cl (chloride), and NH3 (ammonia), from the ocean (e.g., methyl sulfonate) (Charlson et al., 1987), and from wetlands (e.g., H2S) (Gorham et al., 1987). 

As noted earlier, East Asia is mainly a self-polluted region. Only a few countries are affected by remote sources (first of all, by emitters located in the Asian part of Russia and in Central Asia). The most affected territory belongs to Mongolia, where the fraction of sulfur deposition from remote sources amounts to 30%. The sources in Asia affect Eastern Russia, the shelf seas, and the Pacific Ocean. The main source of all types of pollutants is China. Its annual emission exceeds the values of other countries taken together by a factor of several fold (for sulfur and oxidized nitrogen) or by one order of tar (for ammonia). Consequently this country is the most important donor of the acidifying and euthrophic substances in Asia. The relevant recipients are South Korea and Japan. 

Barrett, K. (1998) Oceanic ammonia emissions in Europe and their transboundary fluxes -calculated fields and budgets 1985-1993. Atmospheric Environment 32, 381-391 Barrie, L. A. and U. Platt (1997) Arctic tropospheric chemistry overview. Tellus 49B, 450-454... 

Johnson, J. E. and I. S. A. Isaksen (1993) Tropospheric ozone chemistry the imp)act of cloud chemistry. Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 16, 99-122 Johnson, M. T. and T. G. Bell (2008) Concept Coupling between DMS emissions and the ocean-atmosphere exchange of ammonia. Environmental Chemistry 5, 259-267 Johnston, H. S. (1971) Reduction of stratospheric ozone by nitrogen catalysts from supersonic transport exhaust. Science 173, 517—522... 

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