Amino sulphate substituted

The lower members of the homologous series of 1. Alcohols 2. Aldehydes 3. Ketones 4. Acids 5. Esters 6. Phenols 7. Anhydrides 8. Amines 9. Nitriles 10. Polyhydroxy phenols 1. Polybasic acids and hydro-oxy acids. 2. Glycols, poly-hydric alcohols, polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones (sugars) 3. Some amides, ammo acids, di-and polyamino compounds, amino alcohols 4. Sulphonic acids 5. Sulphinic acids 6. Salts 1. Acids 2. Phenols 3. Imides 4. Some primary and secondary nitro compounds oximes 5. Mercaptans and thiophenols 6. Sulphonic acids, sulphinic acids, sulphuric acids, and sul-phonamides 7. Some diketones and (3-keto esters 1. Primary amines 2. Secondary aliphatic and aryl-alkyl amines 3. Aliphatic and some aryl-alkyl tertiary amines 4. Hydrazines 1. Unsaturated hydrocarbons 2. Some poly-alkylated aromatic hydrocarbons 3. Alcohols 4. Aldehydes 5. Ketones 6. Esters 7. Anhydrides 8. Ethers and acetals 9. Lactones 10. Acyl halides 1. Saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons Cyclic paraffin hydrocarbons 3. Aromatic hydrocarbons 4. Halogen derivatives of 1, 2 and 3 5. Diaryl ethers 1. Nitro compounds (tertiary) 2. Amides and derivatives of aldehydes and ketones 3. Nitriles 4. Negatively substituted amines 5. Nitroso, azo, hy-drazo, and other intermediate reduction products of nitro com-pounds 6. Sulphones, sul-phonamides of secondary amines, sulphides, sulphates and other Sulphur compounds... 

Cl dependence has been chiefly associated with amino acids which are not typical amino acids. These include taurine, -alanine, y-amino butyric acid (GABA), and betaine (Schon and Kelly, 1975 Kanner, 1978 Chesney, 1985 Turner, 1986 Kanner and Bendahan, 1990 Tiruppathi et al., 1992 Yamauchi et al., 1992). To a significant extent, some of these atypical amino acids (as well as glycine) are also neurotransmitters, although NaCl-coupled cotransport of these atypical amino acids also occurs outside the nervous system. The specificity for chloride is high. Of the anions tested (Cl-, Br-, I-, NO3, and glucuronate) as replacements, only sulphate has proved an effective substitute in a nominal way (25-50% of the activity in chloride see Turner, 1986). 

The yield of o-amino aryl sulphate is generally 10-40 %. If both ortho positions are blocked then para substitution results. For preparative purposes the sulphate is hydrolysed by acid, as with the Elbs reaction. Behrman studied the oxidation of 2-amino-pyridine, and showed that the kinetics are second -order for the major part of reaction, viz. 

A new chiral reagent, NSP-Cl was synthesized and used to derivatize amino acids and the resulting diastereomers were resolved by TLC (166), Chiralplate with MeCN-MeOH-HjO (4 1 1) as mobile phase was used to evaluate reaction products in the synthesis of modified phe and tyr derivatives (167), and also to separate aspartame and its precursor stereoisomers (168). Tryptophans and substituted tryptophans were separated on cellulose layers developed with copper sulphate solutions (169) when excess of Cu " ions decreased the chiral discrimination of the system, and with aq a-cyclodextrin (1 to 10%) plus NaCl solutions (O.IM, 0.5M, l.OM) when the best results were... 

Dihydrothiophens are readily available by Birch reduction of thiophens, and they may be alkylated adjacent to activating substituents. Subsequent removal of sulphur provides a useful route to substituted butadienes. Finally in this Section the preparation of l,2-dithiolo[3,4-with carbon disulphide in the presence of sodium hydroxide and dimethyl sulphate gives good yields of the expected pyrimido[4,5-6]quinolines (210). However, upon acid work-up in the absence of Me2S04 the reaction follows a different course. The amino-function is lost and the sulphur heterocycles (209) are obtained. 

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