Amino isocaproic acid

Valine, a-amino-isovalerianic acid (CH3)2CH.CHNH2.COOH. Leucine, a-amino-isocaproic acid (CH3)2CH.CH2.CHNH2.COOH. Isoleucine, a-amino-/8-methyl-valerianic acid, CH3.CH2.CH(CH3).-CHNH2.COOH. 

Iodoxybenzene, 22, 52, 72, 73 Iron powder as reducing agent, 22, 12 Irradiation, 20, 81, 92, 101 Isocaproic acid, 21, 74 ISOCAPROIC ACID, a-AMINO-, 21, 74 (3-Isodurylaedehyde, 21,110 0-ISODURYLYL CHLORIDE, 21, 77 (W-ISOLEUCINE, 21, 60 Isopropyl ether... 

C. sporogenes can produce acetic, propionic, butyric, isovaleric, isobutyric and isocaproic acid, hydrogen and carbon dioxide. By the current state of scientific knowledge, C. sporogenes produces the carboxylic acids applying the Stickland reaction. This reaction is a particular kind of fermentation of amino acids which is characterised by simultaneous oxidation of one amino acid and reduction of another... 

RL Hanson, KS Bembenek, RN Patel, LJ Szarka. Transformation of N-e-CBZ-L-lysine to CBZ-L-oxylysine using L-amino acid oxidase from Providencia alcalifa-ciens and L-2-hydroxy-isocaproate dehydrogenase from Lactobacillus confusus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 37 599-603, 1992. 

Multienzyme cascade for the conversion of i-amino acids to a-hydroxy acids employing an L-amino acid deaminase (l-AAD) and isocaproate reductases (Hie). 

Thiamin functions as the coenzyme TDP in the metabolism of carbohydrates and branched-chain amino acids (a-keto-isocaproic, a-keto-yS-methyl valeric, and a-keto-isovaleric acids). In association... 

The three branched chain amino acids are normally metabolized as shown in Figure 6.2. Each amino acid is converted to the corresponding Of-keto acid by a transaminase specific for that amino acid. A solitary case of valinaemia is known, caused by lack of valine transaminase [76] the patient is mentally retarded. The three a-keto acids are decarboxylated by two (or possibly three) enzyme systems, one specific for a-keto-isovaleric acid, the other acting on a-keto-isocaproic and Q -keto-j3-methylvaleric acids [77, 78]. The reaction is complex, proceeding in three distinct steps [78] and requiring coenzyme A, thiamine pyrophosphate, lipoic acid and NAD. The end products are the co-enzyme A thio-esters of the branched chain fatty acids. 

Experiments were performed to determine whether LJP-1 could grow in a defined medium containing TNT as a sole carbon and nitrogen source. A control without TNT showed no increase in cell numbers after 24 h, whereas the culture with 50 ppm TNT increased from 10 to 10 cells/ml 24 h after inoculation, when the cells appeared largely as spores. The aqueous phases of the cultures were assayed by HPLC (20). LJP-1 produced and then removed several major TNT degradation intermediates, including 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotolu-ene, 2,4-diamino-6-nitrotoluene (DANT), and 2,4,6-trihydroxytoluene, within 24 h after inoculation. No nitroaromatic intermediates were seen after 24 h. The predominant organic acids present after 24 h were isovaleric, heptanoic, isocaproic, valeric, butyric, isobutyric, and formic acids. from C-TNT was found in these fatty acids (unpublished data). 

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