4- amino-1 -alkanol alkanal

Successive reduction to a-amino aldehydes (2-amino-alkanals) and to 2-amino-alkanols is relatively easily managed using hydride-based reagents, once one has... 

Carbon-13 shift values of aliphatic amines [337-339] collected in Table 4.42 indicate that the y effect is about — 4.5 ppm for primary, secondary, and tertiary amines. The a effect, however, increases while the ft effect decreases with an increasing degree of alkylation at the amino nitrogen. Analogously to alkanols, two increment systems can be used to predict alkyl carbon shifts of amines according to eq. (4.12 a, b), based on the reference shifts of corresponding alkanes (R —H) or the methyl homologs (R —CH3) [337, 338] (Table 4.43). 

The measured heat capacity increment associated with the transfer of an apolar hydrogen from a crystalline amino acid solid into water is 6.7 0.3 cal K-1 mol-1 or 0.45 0.02 cal (mol A2)-1 of apolar surface (Murphy and Gill, 1990, 1991). This same value is observed for the transfer of 1-alkanols into water (Hall n et al., 1986). The same value is also observed for the transfer of liquid hydrocarbons into water (Gill and Wadso, 1976), and for the dissolution of alkane... 

Zur Herstellung von 4-unsubstituierten 1,3-Thiazolen aus substituierten Amino-thiocarbonyl-Verbindungenhat es sich bewahrt, als C-C-Bausteine anstelle von a-Halogen-aldehyden leichter zugangliche oder bestandigere Derivate einzusetzen z.B. 2-Halogen-l,l-dialkoxy-, 1-Alkoxy-1,2-dichlor-alkane (vgl. Bd. VI/3, S.674), l-Acetoxy-2-chlor-l-ethoxy-ethan oder 2,2-Dichlor-1-alkanole. 

The quantitative analysis of molecular interactions is of fundamental interest, and the development of computer software has made it easy to calculate the theoretical properties of molecules. Feasibility can be demonstrated using simple, small molecules. Alkanes have demonstrated van der Waals energy contribution, and alkanols demonstrated the additional hydrogen-honding energy contribution. Ion-ion interactions were related to the electrostatic energy contribution, and amino acids demonstrated the contribution of steric hindrance. 

Oxidation of a-amino-acids with silver(ii) picolinate gives almost quantitative yields of nor-aldehydes silver oxide causes further oxidation to the nor-acid. The possibility is suggested of the simultaneous operation of a radical mechanism in solution and a two-electron shift process at the solid silver salt surface. Aryl alkanes and aryl alkanols are oxidized by silver(ii) picolinate to aldehydes and ketones, a-Aminoketones are dehydrogenated by mercury(ii) salts to ketones iminium ions, such as (139), are postulated as intermediates (Scheme 58). 

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