Amino alcohol-polycarboxylic acid

The products of amino alcohols and polycarboxylic acids contain an ester and an acid amide group. 

Even if the dispersion is stable, flocculation can occur during drying of the film as the concentration increases. For these reasons the choice of dispersing agent (surfactant) for the pigment is critical. There are several types of commercial dispersants available including anionic polyphosphate (Calgon), sodium salts of polycarboxylic or acrylic acids, or amino alcohols. 

As far as the volumetric properties are concerned, values at 25°C have been reported for alcohols(31,55-59a), ethers(11b,34, 58,60,61), amines(34,57,62-64), esters(11b,58), ketones(llb,36,58), amides(36,37,63,65), carboxylic acids(62a,b,67), hydroxycarboxylic acids(66c), polycarboxylic acids(66d), polyols(31,42 56,59b), pyri-dines and others unsaturated heterocyclic compounds containing ni-trogen(38), ethylene glycol derivatives(11a,61,68-70), carbohydra-tes(72-74), urea and derivatives(44,74,75) polyamines(76,77a) amino-alcohols and aminoethers(77b), polyethers(6°,61,77c), alkylhalides (61), benzene and derivatives(llc,26c), Moreover the behaviour of the functions = f(T) has been studied for alcohols(10,12,55,56) and polyols(12,55,56,68,78), ethers(12) and polyethers(llb,12,68), ketones and esters(11b), ethylene glycol derivatives(11a,68,71,78). Compressibility data at 25°C have been calculated from ultrasonic velocity measurements for ethers(79), amines(62), alcohols(79-82), polyols(79), ethylene glycol derivatives(68,71), polyethers(68,74, 79) urea and derivatives(74), carbohydrates(72,74). Finally some investigations about the influence of various types of non-electrolytes on the temperature of maximum density(82b,83) and the adiabatic compressibility minimum(84) of water are to be remembered. 

Polycarboxylates Carboxylate derivatives of poly(vinyl alcohol) are biodegradable and functional in detergents as co-builders, although too costly to be practical replacements for polyacrylic acid at this time. Matsumura et al. polymerized vinyloxyacetic acid [69, 70] and Lever has patented polymers based on vinyl carbamates obtained from the reaction of vinyl chloroformates and amino acids such as aspartic and glutamic acids [71]. Both hydrolyze (Scheme 4), to polyvinyl alcohol, which is biodegradable. 

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