Amino acids tree nuts

TABLE 11. Amino Acid Profiies (%) of Tree Nut Proteins. ... 

In conclusion, for all the healthy effects described, free nuts are considered as natural functional foods and can be used to promote health by their easy incorporation into ihe usual diet of the population. Tree nuts, which are rich in several vitantins, minerals, unsaturated fatty adds, essential amino acids, soluble fiber, and fat-solnble bioactives, among others, contain numerous phytochemicais that contribute to promoting health and reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the greatest cause of morbidity aud mortality in the world. However, as complete phytochemical profiles are lacking for most free nuts, information is limited regarding their bioacces-... 

Acidic amino acids (aspartic acid + glutamic acid) predominate in tree nuts (Table 2.5). Similar to other plant proteins, tree nut proteins are incomplete proteins. When compared to the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) and World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended pattern for essential amino acids for a 2-5 year old, ttyptophan is the first limiting amino acid in all tree nuts except macadamia, where lysine is the first. However, compared to the FAO- and WHO-reconunended essential amino acid pattern for an adult, only almond is deficient in sulfur amino acids (methionine -I- cysteine), whereas all others contain adequate amounts of all of the essential amino acids. 

Amino Acid Content (g/100 g) of Edible Tree Nuts... 

The Maillard reaction between reducing sngars and amino acids under specific conditions (pH, water activity, and temperature) is primarily responsible for the production of heterocyclic volatile compounds such as pyrazines, pyridines, pyrroles, furans, and the Strecker aldehydes. Maillard reactions produce many potent aroma compounds identified in some roasted tree nuts, including 3-methylbutanal, 2,3-butanedione, methional, phenylacetaldehyde, 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine, and 2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3(2//)-furanone, among others. 

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