Amino acid efflux

Silverstein FS, Naik B. 1991. Effect of depolarization on striatal amino acid efflux in perinatal rats an in vivo microdialysis study. Neurosci Lett 128(1) 133-136. 

Here we investigate the neuroprotective potential of BEO in vivo by using an experimental model of focal brain ischemia in rats. Moreover, we evaluate whether neuroprotection is associated with altered levels of excitatory neurotransmitters and with a modulation of PI3-K/Akt pathway in the ischemic cortex. Our results indicate that BEO indeed protects against ischemic injury in an in vivo model of permanent focal brain ischemia in rat and that neuroprotection is associated with reduced excitatory amino acid efflux induced by MCAo in the ischemic cortex and elevation ofp-Akt and phospho-GSK-3/3 (p-GSK-3/3) levels in the ischemic penumbra. A preliminary account of this in vivo study has been communicated to the British Pharmacologic Society (Morrone et al., 2006). 

The results of the present study show that systemic administration of BEO reduces the volume of infarct induced by MCAo in the brain of rat. Neuroprotection afforded by BEO is preceded by minimization of the MCAo-induced increase in excitatory amino acid efflux in the ischemic penumbra. Under ischemic... 

Cassidy, C.J., Phillis, J.W., and O Regan, M.H. (2001) Further studies on the effects of topical lactate on amino acid efflux from the ischemic rat cortex. Brain Research, 901, 30-37. 

Eggeling, L. and Sahm, H. (2001) The cell wall barrier of Corynehacterium glutamicum and amino acid efflux. J. 

The amino acid overproduction is also a function of amino acid secreted out of the cell. This can be achieved by overexpressing amino acid carrier proteins which increases amino acid efflux and relieves feedback inhibition. 

Debabov VG (2003) The threonine story. Adv Biochem Eng Biot 79 113-136 Diesveld R, Tietze N, EUrst O, Reth A, Bathe B, Sahm H, Eggeling L (2009) Activity of exporters of Escherichia coli in Corynebacterium glutamicum, and their use to increase L-threonine production. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 16 198-207 Eggeling L, Sahm H (2001) Review the cell wall barrier of Corynebacterium glutamicum and amino acid efflux. J Biosd Bioeng 92 201-213... 

Another early effect of growth hormone on skeletal muscle which can be detected following either the injection of the hormone (8,9) or its addition to medium bathing isolated muscle (2,10,11), is the stimulation of the net transport of certain amino acids into the intracellular compartment of the tissue. Recent studies (4) using the isolated rat diaphragm and the nonutilizable amino acid, a-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB), have indicated that the stimulatory effect of growth hormone on the transport mechanism is due to the enhancement of amino acid influx rather than to the retardation of amino acid efflux from the cells. The effect is not immediate but becomes evident at about the time (20 minutes of incubation) when a significant stimulation of protein synthesis has occurred (4). 

Zakataeva NP, Aleshin W, Tokmakova IL, Troshin PV, Livshits VA (1999) The novel transmembrane Escherichia coli proteins involved in the amino acid efflux. FEBS Lett 452 228-232... 

---