Amines peroxide

Composite resins can be cured using a variety of methods. Intraoral curing can be done by chemical means, where amine—peroxide initiators are blended in the material to start the free-radical reaction. Visible light in the blue (470—490 nm) spectmm is used to intraoraHy cure systems containing amine—quin one initiators (247). Ultraviolet systems were used in some early materials but are no longer available (248). Laboratory curing of indirect restorations can be done by the above methods as well as the additional appHcation of heat and pressure (249,250). 

It has been suggested that the amine radical cation (46) is not directly involved in initiating chains and that most polymerization is initiated by benzoyloxy radicals.179 However, Sato et a ." employed spin trapping (3.5.2.1) to demonstrate that the anilinomethyl radical (45) was formed from the radical cation (46) by loss of a proton and proposed that the radical 45 also initiates polymerization. Overall efficiencies for initiation by amine-peroxide redox... 

Irradiation of amines in solution in the presence of a sensitizer and oxygen leads to consumption of oxygen and the formation of peroxidic material from which molecular oxygen is released under the influence of MnOa.17 Gaffron, who discovered the amine peroxide synthesis, suggested structure 433 for these peroxides. 

Amine Peroxides as Explosives. Some amines may yield expl peroxides. For instance, hexamethylenetetramine when treated with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of an organic add(citric) which combines with the liberated Nris, forms hexamethylenetriperoxidediamineiqv) (Ref IX Schif f s bases, ammoniacal aldehydes or their... 

Nitrone N-icrt.-Butyl-C-(4-fluoro-phenyl)- EI4b/2, 1413E (Amine - Peroxid)... 

Nitrone N-tcrt.-Butyl-C-(4-trifluoro-methyl-plicnyl)- F.14b/2. 1413f. (Amin + Peroxid)... 

See under Amine Peroxides A178-L Triethyllead Azidodithiocarbonate A637-R 4 ,5,7-Trihydroxyflavone. See Apigenin A473-R... 

Applications of organomercuiy compounds in synthesis overwhelmingly concern Markovnikov conversion of alkenes, allenes and cyclopropanes to alcohols, ethers, amines, peroxides and azides by... 

Polyvinyl chloride Acids, bases, amines, peroxides... 

To stabilize PO s against degradation during the melt processing, antioxidants (e.g., hindered phenols, sulfide esters, organic phosphites, secondary aromatic amines, and hindered amines), peroxide decomposers (usually a phosphite) and frequently acid acceptors (e.g., calcium stearate) are used. For special applications metal deactivators are also added. 

Silica surfaces are the chief source of activity in columns for SFC and, even though many of the columns are well deactivated, the residual silanol sites can lead to tailing or adsorption of analytes. The low surface area of capillary columns is responsible for much higher levels of inertness than their packed counterparts based on silica particles. Capillary columns have been used successfully in the analysis of active compounds, including isocyanates, acid halides, organic acids, amines, peroxides, azo compounds, and many others. The low temperatures required for elution make analysis of active and labile compounds viable. 

Pena-Quevedo, A.J., et al. (2007) Characterization and differentiation of high energy amine peroxides by direct analysis in real time TOF/MS. In Proceedings of SPIE— The International Society for Optical Engineering, 6538 (Sensors, and Command, Control, Commnnications, and Intelligence (C3I) Technologies for Homeland Secnrity Defense VI), 653828/1-653828/12. 

Hardeners are used to cure a paint system and include amines, peroxides and polyamides (Mathias 1984). Extenders are noncovering pigments which improve thickness, adhesion, durability and gloss. Examples are barium and calcium sulfates, calcium... 

Although the earliest acrylic rubbers did not have any special cure site incorporated and had to be cured by such materials as amines, peroxides and metasilicates, the use of special cure-site monomers has been well established for many years and most curing systems have been based upon them. Until the late 1960s these cure systems were based on amines, ammonium salts and related materials. The discovery (Holly et u/., 1965) that very useful and versatile systems could be based on a soap-sulphur combination has drastically altered technological practice. Although some of the early acrylic rubbers are not suitable for this type of cure, rubbers announced since the discovery of this method have been designed to use it. 

Pena-Quevedo, A.J., Mina-Calmide, N., Rodriguez, N., Nieves, D., Cody, R.B., Honandez-Rivera, S.P. Synthesis, characterization and differentiation of high energy amine peroxides by MS and vibrational microscopy. Proc. SPIE 6201, 62012E/62011-62012E/62010 (2006)... 

The amine-peroxide combination as an initiator for vinyl polymerization has been investigated extensively by various workers. Solution polymerization of vinyl chloride [52] and styrene and methyl methacrylate [53], bulk polymerization of styrene [54], and dead-end polymerization of... 

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