Amines, fungicides

MAJOR USES Used in the production of p-biphenyl amine, fungicides and wood preservative not currently used, manufactured, imported, or sold in the United States. 

The first representative of the new chemical class spiroketalamine within the amine fungicide group is spiroxamine, which was introduced to the public in 1996 (Table 17.22) [102]. Its chemistry and stereochemistry have been described by Kramer et al. [103, 104] and the biological spectrum has been characterized by Dutzmann [105]. 

Acetic anhydride is a useful solvent in certain nitrations, acetylation of amines and organosulfur compounds for mbber processing, and in pesticides. Though acetic acid is unexceptional as a fungicide, small percentages of anhydride in acetic acid, or in cold water solutions are powerful fungicides and bactericides. There are no reports of this appHcation in commerce. It is possible that anhydride may replace formaldehyde for certain mycocidal apphcations. 

Aliphatic Isocyanates. Aflphatic diisocyanates have traditionally commanded a premium price because the aflphatic amine precursors ate mote expensive than aromatic diamines. They ate most commonly used in appHcafions which support the added cost or where the long-term performance of aromatic isocyanates is unacceptable. Monofuncfional aflphatic isocyanates, such as methyl and -butyl isocyanate, ate used as intermediates in the production of carbamate-based and urea-based insecticides and fungicides (see Fungicides, agricultural Insectcontroltechnology). 

Nitro alcohols react with amines to form nitro amines. Such a reaction can be carried out with a wide variety of primary and secondary amines, both ahphatic and aromatic a basic catalyst is requited if aromatic amines are involved. The products of reactions between dihydric nitro alcohols and amines are nitrodiamines, many of which are good fungicides (qv). Dihydric nitro alcohols, primary amines, and formaldehyde react to yield nitrohexahydropyrimidines (4). Nitrohexahydropyrimidines can be reduced to the corresponding amines, some of which are good fungicides or bactericides, eg, hexetidine [141-94-6] (5-amino-l,3—bis(2-ethylhexyl)-5-methylhexahydropyrimidine). 

Acetic acid, dehydro- — see also Pyran-2-one, 3-acetyl-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-fungicidal properties, 3, 883 H NMR, 3, 581 reactions, 3, 690 with amines, 3, 700 reduction, 3, 843 synthesis, 2, 90 tautomerism, 3, 643... 

Quaternary ammonium compounds biocidal activity mechanism, 1, 401 toxicity, 1, 124 Quaternization heterocyclic compounds reviews, 1, 73 ( )-Quebrach amine synthesis, 1, 490 Queen substance synthesis, 1, 439 4, 777 Quercetin occurrence, 3, 878 pentamethyl ether photolysis, 3, 696 photooxidation, 3, 695 Quercetrin hydrolysis, 3, 878 Quinacetol sulfate as fungicide, 2, 514 Quinacridone, 2,9-dimethyl-, 1, 336 Quinacridone pigments, 1, 335-336 Quinacrine... 

Aniline is an aromatic amine used in the manufacture of dyes, dye intermediates, rubber accelerators, and antioxidants. It has also been used as a solvent, in printing inks, and as an intermediate in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, photographic developers, plastics, isocyanates, hydroquinones, herbicides, fungicides, and ion-exchange resins. It is produced commercially by catalytic vapor phase hydrogenation of nitrobenzene (Benya and Cornish 1994 HSDB 1996). Production of aniline oil was listed at approximately 1 billion pounds in 1993 (U.S. ITC 1994). Chemical and physical properties are listed in Table 1-2. 

Fungicide - [AMNES - LOWERALIPHATIC AMINES] (Vol 2) -castor oil derivative as [CASTOR OIL] (Vol 5) -copper(II) fluoridem [FLUORINE COMPOUNDS, INORGANIC - COPPER] (Vol 11) -as disinfectant [DISINFECTANTS AND ANTISEPTICS] (Vol 8) -use of chlorine dioxide [CHLORINE OXYGEN ACIDS AND SALTS - CHLOROUS ACID, CHLORITES, AND CHLORINE DIOXIDE] (Vol 5) -use ofpyrogallol m [POLYHYDROXY BENZENES] (Vol 19)... 

AMINES - LOWER ALIPHATIC AMINES] (Vol 2) [FUNGICIDES,AGRICULTURAL] (Vol 12)... 

---