Amine-cured epoxies, synthesis

X. Kornmann, R. Thomann, R. Miilhaupt, J. Finter, and L. Bergliind, Synthesis of amine-cured, epoxy-layered silicate nanocomposites The influence of the silicate surface modification on the properties, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 86, 2643—2652 (2002). 

The reaction of dianhydrides with diamines can exhibit autocatalysis if performed in the proper solvent [28]. The reaction of the amine with the anhydride creates a carboxylic acid that catalyzes the reaction of the amine with an anhydride. Amine-cured epoxy systems exhibit autocatalysis because the attack on the epoxy group is catalyzed by OH, and one OH is produced for every epoxy group that reacts [29-31]. The synthesis of polyaniline by oxidation ofanihne has been shown to be autocatalytic if performed electrochemically [32] or by the direct chemical oxidation [33, 34]. 

Use Intermediate in the synthesis of dyestuffs, textile auxiliaries, pharmaceuticals, and corrosion inhibitors curing epoxy, amine, and polyamide resins emulsifier in paints and coatings. 

Dyakonov T, Chen Y, Holland K, Drbohlav J, Burns D, Velde D V, Seib L, Solosky E J, Kuhn J, Mann P J and Stevenson W T K (1996), Thermal analysis of some aromatic amine cured model epoxy resin systems - I Materials synthesis and characterization, cure and post-cure , Polym Degrad Stab, 53, 217-242. doi 10.1016/0141-3910(96)00085-7. 

The general conclusions were confirmed by the practical results related to the CO-curing of CEC/ACEC compositions with amines in the presence of BF3-amine complexes [87]. The idea presented here was also applied to the synthesis of novel epoxy compounds which contained epoxy groups differing in structure and reactivity [88-90] to be used in adhesive formulations. 

The chelates of the aromatic amines have the same structure as the metal complexes of the aliphatic amines, and they include the same coordination bonds between the metal and the nitrogen atoms (Table 3, NN 56). Their synthesis is conducted in the medium of such solvents as dimethyl formamide [519], benzol [524], and diethyl ether [521] then the solvents are distilled and the complexes are dried. The hardeners produced have the latent properties and combine the long pot lives (e.g., 20 days when [GeCl4 MDA] is used) [524] and the fast curing of the epoxy compositions at 80-120°C [3,516,524] with a high deflection temperature [521], good mechanical... 

Early, in situ radical polymerization was used for the synthesis of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-CNT composites [82]. In situ polymerization was performed using the radical initiator 2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile(AIBN). In this reaction, p-bonds in CNTs were initiated by AIBN, and therefore nanotubes could participate in PMMA polymerization to form a strong interface between the CNT and the PMMA matrix. PA6/CNT composites have been prepared by in situ polymerization of e-caprolactam in the presence of pristine and carboxylated CNTs. The e-caprolactam monomer was found to form an electron-transfer complex with CNTs and result in a homogeneous, polymerizable solution. The final composites can be spun into PA6/CNT fibers (Fig. 7) with excellent mechanical and electrical properties [83].This method is also suitable for the fabrication of thermosetting polymer composites with nanofillers. Bauhofer et al. [84] dispersed CNTs in an epoxy solution system based on a bisphenol-A epoxy resin and an amine hardener During nanocomposite curing, electric fields were used to induce the formation of aligned conductive nanotube networks. Recently, the in situ polymerization method... 

---