American research university

Geiger, Roger L. 1993. Research and Relevant Knowledge American Research Universities since World War II. New York Oxford University Press. 

Graham, H.D. Diamond, N. 1997, The Rise of American Research Universities. Elites and Challengers in the Postwar Era, Johns Hopkins UP, Baltimore, MD. 

Lombardi, J. V, PhiUips, E. D., Abbey, C. W., Craig, D. D. (2011). The top American research universities 2011 annual report. The Center for Measuring University Performance at Arizona State University. 

Stuart W. Leslie, The Cold War and American Science The Military-Industrial-Academic Complex at MIT and Stanford (New York Columbia University Press, 1993) Roger L. Geiger, Research and Relevant Knowledge American Research Universities since World War II (New York Oxford University Press, 1993). 

Geiger, Roger. To Advance Knowledge The Growth of American Research Universities, 1900 1940. New York Oxford University Press, 1986. 

The chemical discipline was of central importance to the emergence of the American research university. During the nineteenth century, American universities awarded more doctorates in chemistry than in any other single field. 

A number of American research institutions and the people who shaped them have already featured in this book the creation of the Materials Research Laboratories Robert Mehl s influence on the Naval Research Laboratory and on Carnegie Institute of Technology Hollomon s influence on the GE laboratory Seitz s influence on the University of Illinois (and numerous other places) Carothers and Flory at the Dupont laboratory the triumvirate who invented the transistor and the atmosphere at Bell Laboratories that made this feat possible Stookey, glass-ceramics and the Corning Glass laboratory. I would like now to round off this list with an account of a most impressive laboratory that came to grief, and the man who shaped it. 

Langford (2003) views the underrepresentation of African Americans on the faculties of science departments at top-rated research universities as a major... 

Conversely to the findings of virtual invisibility of African American faculty at major research universities, interviewees were more likely to report the presence of African American classmates at some point during their doctoral studies. Cohort I graduates reported six African American classmates. The comments of a cohort member are illuminating ... 

One Cohort II interviewee reinforces the latter comments by arguing that many very capable African Americans on the science faculties of major research universities experienced problems recmiting top graduate students. The interviewee asserts They (African American scientists at predominantly white research universities) experienced similar problems. All these people are excellent researchers. What they found was frustration. Because they are black they could not attract the best students. ... 

Currently, African Americans are severely underrepresented on the chemistry faculties of historically white colleges and universities. This is especially the case at highly selective research universities. Some critics argue that this situation may play a major role in the under production of doctoral chemistry degrees awarded to African Americans, especially at highly selective universities. 

This polymorph of carbon was only discovered in 1985 by Sir Harry Kroto at the University of Sussex while looking for carbon chains. It is made by passing an electric arc between two carbon rods in a partial atmosphere of helium. Kroto was awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1996, along with two American researchers (Robert F.Curl Jr. and Richard E.Smalley). The molecule has the formula Ceo and has the same shape as a soccer ball—a truncated icosahedron it takes its name from the engineer and philosopher Buckminster Fuller who discovered the architectural principle of the hollow geodesic dome that this molecule resembles (a geodesic dome was built for EXPO 67 in Montreal). The structure is depicted in Figure 6.14. 

Unfortunately, there are not enough minority faculty members available for all the graduate programs in research universities. That is a serious problem for our country a faculty that has no African American presence is going to have trouble recruiting and retaining African American graduate students. 

The authors thank G. Schmid, director of the Institut fiir physikalische Chemie und Kolloidchemie, University of Cologne, E. TrommsdorflF, Rohm Haas G.m.b.H., for many helpful discussions, and E. Zehender, Robert Bosch G.m.b.H., for the electron micrographs. This work was supported by the Bundesminister fiir Atomkernenergie und Wasserwirtschaft. One of us (G. Ley) thanks the American Research Foundation for a stipendium. 

The assistance of M. Hoffman and F. Harland and the financial support of the Smithsonian Institution administered by the American Research Centre in Egypt for the collection of these materials are gratefully acknowledged. Neutron activation analysis was made possible through a grant from the U.S. Department of Energy to the University of Virginia Nuclear Reactor Facility and the assistance of P. Benneche. 

Vapor and liquid enthalpies except for the liquid enthalpy of ethylcyclohexane, were taken from API Research Project 44. (Selected Values of Properties of Hydrocarbon and Related Compounds. American Research Project 44. Thermodynamics Research Center. Texas A M University.) The liquid enthalpy of ethylcyclohexane was estimated by use of Theisen s correlation ... 

Roys, R.L. 1931. The Ethno-Botanj of the Maya. (The Department of Middle American Research, Publicadon No. 2) The Tidane University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA. 

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