Ambiguous orders

Errors can result when ambiguous orders are interpreted in a manner other than what the prescriber intended. Proper expression of doses is vital in a drug order. Pharmacists should be able to recognize improper expressions of doses, and the potential for error, when they see them. When the order is not clear, the pharmacist must contact the prescriber for clarification. Pharmacists and technicians should avoid using dangerous expressions of doses as they process orders, type labels, and communicate with others. The following examples include several improperly expressed orders that were reported to the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) ... 

Figure 2-S. Different WLN codes could be obtained from a structure (ambiguity) but, based on the rules, only the one on the right-hand side is allowed, in order to achieve unambiguity.

In order to avoid ambiguity, it was previously recommended that these prefixes be modified when names already preempted for noncyclic compounds would otherwise be generated. The recommendation was that when immediately followed by -in or -ine, phospha- be changed to phosphora , arsa- to arsen- and stiba- to antimon-. This recommendation has been superseded by a suitable change in the stem suffix (see ahead), but is mentioned here because it is still substantially used in modern literature, including other chapters of this present work. 

Before quantitative evaluation, the events must be coded with an unique ideniitier. A systematic and orderly identification scheme minimizes the possibility of ambiguity or multiple identifier for the same event. 

Although ISO 8402 defines quality as the totality of characteristics of an entity that bears on its ability to satisfy a stated or implied need, ISO 9001 does not require the required characteristics to be specified. Note 2 of clause 4.3.4 defines a contract and accepted order as agreed requirements but not specified requirements as used elsewhere in the standard. It would have made for less ambiguity if the term customer requirements had been used throughout and then there would be no doubt as to what requirements and to whose requirements these clauses refer. 

There is a slight conflict in this clause as it requires that before acceptance of an order, you need to ensure that any differences between your tender and the accepted order requirements are resolved. Clearly if you have not accepted the order you don t need any accepted order requirement. But this small ambiguity doesn t detract from the essence of the requirement. 

Kinetic schemes that include both first-order and second-order reactions possess an ambiguity related to the different dimensions of the rate constants. We wilt use Scheme XXI to examine this. 

We display in Fig. 2 some 2-d order-parameter and spin maps at different temperatures. These pictures already gives us a qualitative informations on the thermodynamical behavior of the APB. The APB appears to be fiat for T=1000 K and 1400 K, while it seems to be rough at T=1550 K. It becomes even more rough at higher temperature T=1675 K, as shown in Fig. 3. This visual analysis shows us, without any ambiguity, that the APB does indeed undergo a roughening transition as the temperature increases. 

Appreciable deviations from the assumed simple model with constant Ed and kd throughout a significant desorption range evidently impair the estimate of the desorption order and may make its value quite ambiguous. 

Attempts have been made to trap the intermediate radical with a monomer, particularly in the reduction of benzyl chloride by Cr(II) to benzylchromium ion (and ultimately to toluene and dibenzyl). The results were ambiguous, however, as benzylchromium ion itself reacts with butadiene and acrylonitrile. This reduction shows second-order kinetics with E — 14.6 kcal.mole and = 14.3 eu. The rate coefficients for benzyl chloride, bromide and iodide follow the expected sequence ... 

This approximation was denoted initially by the acronym IQG [34] and later on by IP (Independent Pairs) [35]. It gave satisfactory results in the study of the Beryllium atom and of its isoelectronic series as well as in the BeH system. The drawback of this approximation is that when the eigen-vectors are diffuse, i.e. there is more than one dominant two electron configuration per eigen-vector, the determination of the corresponding nj is ambiguous. In order to avoid this problem the MPS approximation, which does not have this drawback, was proposed. 

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