Aluminum , fracturing fluids

In 1970, Monroe and Rooker(28) claimed the use of aluminum salts of acid orthophosphate esters as viscosity builders for use in fracturing fluids. The application of these materials began a new era of hydrocarbon gelling agents. Monroe(29) later claimed the use of Fe30it as a metal activator of phosphate esters and in 1971 described several other metals(30) that could be used with amine neutralization agents. Numerous metallic ionic derivatives can be used as effective "activators" or crosslinkers to prepare a gel. 

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