Allograft rejection chemokines

Key Words Allograft transplantation chemokine receptor acute rejection chronic rejection CCR1 CCR5 CXCR3 CXCR1 CXCR2. 

The literature on chemokines in transplantation has been extensively reviewed in recent years (7-9). In this chapter, we focus on a limited number of chemo-kine receptors where evidence for a functional role has been verified. From the plethora of chemokine receptors, this has been demonstrated for CXCR1/2 in reperfusion injury and for CCR1, CCR5, and CXCR3 during acute and chronic allograft rejection. 

Until recently, it has been difficult to dissect the relative role of each che-mokine in the inflammatory processes leading to allograft rejection, especially as many chemokines and chemokine receptors are seemingly redundant (2,8). Indeed, during allograft rejection, the expression of many chemokines and chemokine receptors can be detected in the allograft—only a few of which represent viable targets for therapeutic intervention (5,6). 

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Hancock WW, Gao W, Faia KL, Csizmadia V. Chemokines and their receptors in allograft rejection. Curr Opin Immunol 2000 12 511-516. 

Morita K, Miura M, Paolone DR, et al. Early chemokine cascades in murine cardiac grafts regulate T cell recruitment and progression of acute allograft rejection. J Immunol 2001 167 2979-2984. 

Hancock WW, Wang L, Ye Q, Han R, Lee I. Chemokines and their receptors as markers of allograft rejection and targets for immunosuppression. Curr Opin Immunol 2003 15 479-486. 

Gao W, Topham PS, King JA, et al. Targeting of the chemokine receptor CCR1 suppresses development of acute and chronic cardiac allograft rejection. J Clin Invest 2000 105 35-44. 

Urinary levels of CXCR3-binding chemokines have been reported to correlate with biopsy proven allograft rejection [238a].. Urinary IL-18 rises prior to SCr in non-septic critically ill children, predicts severity of AKI and is an independent predictor of mortality... 

Krukemeyer MG, Moeller J, Morawietz L, et al. Description of B lymphocytes and plasma cells, complement, and chemokines/ receptors in acute liver allograft rejection. Transplantation. 2004 78 65-70. 

Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors in the Pathogenesis of Lung Allograft Rejection... 

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