Allergic disorder treatment

Simons FE Hi-antihistamines more relevant than ever in the treatment of allergic disorders. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003 112 42-52. 63... 

Importantly, although Th2 cells are responsible for the development of allergic diseases, Thl cells may contribute to chronicity and effector phase in allergic diseases [30-33,38,39]. Distinct Thl and Th2 2 subpopulations of T cells counterregulate each other and play a role in distinct diseases [34,35]. In addition, recent studies have demonstrated that peripheral T-cell tolerance is crucial for a healthy immune response and successful treatment of allergic disorders [40-42]. A further subtype ofT cells, with immunosuppressive function and cytokine profiles distinct from either Thl and Th2 cells, termed regulatory/suppressor T cells (Treg), has been existence in humans has been demonstrated [41,... 

Asthma - Ephedrine sulfate injection is indicated in the treatment of allergic disorders, such as bronchial asthma. Oral ephedrine is indicated for temporary relief of shortness of breath, tightness of chest, and wheezing caused by bronchial asthma. Eases breathing for asthma patients by reducing spasms of bronchial muscles. 

Newer developments are astemizole, cetirizine, loratadine, mequitazine and terfenadine which are basically devoid of central side effects and effects on the autonomic transmission. This is not due to an inability of the drugs to pass the blood brain barrier, since these drugs are quite lipophilic but probably to their selectivity towards Hi-receptors. These drugs can be used in the chronic treatment of allergic disorders. 

Allergic reaction Adrenaline is drug of choice in the treatment of various acute allergic disorders by acting as a physiological... 

Prophylaxis and treatment of allergic disorders (second-generation non-sedating drugs preferred)... 

Dimenhydrinate, which is promoted almost exclusively for the treatment of motion sickness, is a salt of diphenhydramine. The piperazines (cyclizine and meclizine) also have significant activity in preventing motion sickness and are less sedating than diphenhydramine in most patients. Dosage is the same as that recommended for allergic disorders (Table 16-2). Both scopolamine and the Hi antagonists are more effective in preventing motion sickness when combined with ephedrine or amphetamine. 

When it is necessary to maintain continuously elevated plasma corticosteroid levels to suppress ACTH, a slowly absorbed parenteral preparation or small oral doses at frequent intervals are required. The opposite situation exists with respect to the use of corticosteroids in the treatment of inflammatory and allergic disorders. The same total quantity given in a few doses may be more effective than that given in many smaller doses or in a slowly absorbed parenteral form. 

Danazol has also been used in the treatment of fibrocystic disease of the breast and hematologic or allergic disorders, including hemophilia, Christmas disease, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, and angioneurotic edema. 

Utility Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis or Allergic Disorders... 

Antihistamines conventionally refer to antagonists of the H -receptor. and have wide applications in the treatment of allergic disorders, and in anaphylaxis. 

Wiseman LR, Faulds D. Ebastine. a review of its pharmacological properties and clinical efficacy in the treatment of allergic disorders. Drugs 1996 51(2) 260-77. 

Pemirolast is a mast-cell stabilizer, like cromoglicate, used in eye-drops for the treatment of allergic disorders (1). It has also been used to prevent coronary artery restenosis after the insertion of a stent (2). 

The link between SEs and allergic disorders is most firmly established for atopic dermatitis (AD) (reviewed in Leung [10] and Breuer et al. [11]). AD affects 10-15% of the population, but S. aureus colonization is observed in the skin lesions of >90% of AD patients, compared with 5% of normal skin [12], Moreover, the intensity of skin inflammation has been correlated with the degree of S. aureus colonization [13]. Most strains of S. aureus grown from atopic skin have been shown to produce SEs with superantigenic properties [14], In accordance with the view that the SEs induce or exacerbate AD, treatment of AD patients with steroids in combination with antibiotics is more effective than treatment with steroids alone [15, 16]. 

Little information is in the public domain regarding a second Rigel Syk inhibitor R343, believed to be structure (7.10).37 Pfizer licensed the compound from Rigel at the preclinical stage for development as an inhaled drug for the treatment of allergic disorders. To date the compound has completed Phase I... 

Ephedrine (25 to 50 mg p.o. t.i.d.) is indicated in the treatment of allergic disorders such as bronchial asthma nasal congestion in acute coryza vasomotor rhinitis, acute sinusitis, and hay fever. Ephedrine (25 to 30 mg slowly SC, IM, or IV) has been used to relieve acute bronchospasm, but epinephrine is more effective. Ephedrine is also used in shock. It is a naturally occurring sympathomimetic agent that stimulates alpha and beta receptors and CNS. It is less potent than epinephrine but has a longer duration of action (see also Figure 37). 

Based on its mechanism of action, omalizumab has been used in the treatment of other allergic disorders, such as nasal allergy and food allergy, but large-scale clinical trials are limited to asthma. 

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