Allergic disease/reactions

In the context of allergies, sensitization is the process by which a person becomes, over time, increasingly allergic to a substance (sensitizer) through repeated exposure to that substance. Allergies are inappropriate or exaggerated reactions of the immune system to substances that, in the majority of people, cause no symptoms. Symptoms of the allergic diseases may be caused by exposure of the skin, the respiratory tract, or of the stomach and intestines to a protein or a chemical substance. 

Coronary events Angina, Ml, cardiac arrest, and /or sudden death have been reported during clinical trials with apomorphine. Use extra caution in prescribing apomorphine for patients with known cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Sulfite Apokyn (apomorphine) contains metabisulfite, a sulfite that may cause allergic-type reactions, including anaphylactic symptoms and life-threatening or less severe asthmatic episodes. 

Many chemicals (including pharmaceuticals but also environmental and occupational chemicals) are known to stimulate the immune system in a way that autoimmune diseases occur [61]. However, because of its multifactorial nature, the occurrence of autoimmune-like (including drug allergic) diseases is rare if considered on a compound-by-compound base. But, in some cases (e.g., in case of HIV or Herpes virus-infected individuals), adverse reactions occur at a higher rate [65, 66]. 

A known side effect of the action of the drug being prominent or problematic because of other disease. As examples, AIDS patients have a propensity to have allergic adverse reactions. Cardiac patients may not tolerate drugs which alter the blood pressure so well since their cardiac reserve is impaired. 

Histamine is one of the first inflammatory mediators that was considered to be important in the pathophysiology of a number of allergic diseases. Histamine is released from basophils and mast cells during hypersensitivity reactions to allergens and, -through activation of different receptor subtypes-, may provoke opposite effects on immune and inflammatory responses. While many of the inflammatory effects of histamine are mediated by Hi receptors, H2 receptors may mediate different immunomodulatory responses. This topic was extensively reviewed by Plaut and Lichtenstein (1982) and Falus (1994). 

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