Allergens research needs

It will be apparent from this brief survey that both the models in which most investment has been made show promise, and each offer certain advantages. In both cases there is a need for further investment in research to develop a clearer and more confident understanding of how best these methods can be integrated effectively with other information relating to allergenic activity to provide a holistic assessment of likely sensitizing potential. 

Some of the key needs in this area were discussed during a workshop Assessment of the Allergenic Potential of Genetically Modified Foods held in 2001 in North Carolina, [122], and many of the research requirements identified then are still current today. 

More investigations are needed to explore the benefits of Brazil nut and its by-products for human health. Studies on the bioavailability and bioaccessibility of the known Brazil nut bioactive compounds as well as their potential allergenic reactions are required. Although very few publications have reported the TPC content of Brazil nut, more research work is necessary to determine the types of phenolics present in Brazil nut. 

In patch tests, dry powdered spices are put in Finn chambers on a moistened filter paper. The tests are read and interpreted according to the recommendations of the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group. Garlic, mustard, paprika and cayenne are too irritative to be tested as such (Table 1). Patch tests with other native spices may also elicit irritant reactions (Meding 1993 Niinimaki 1987), and dilution tests may be needed. Patch tests with ethereal oils and pure allergens of spices may also be used (Table 1). 

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