Alkyl alcohols surfactants experiment

The experiments on mixed monolayers were carried out using alkyl alcohols (Ci6, Ci8, C20, C22). These surfactants were obtained from Supelco, Inc. (Bellefonte, Pa.) with purity greater than 99+%. The C22 alcohol was purchased from the Applied Science Laboratories, Inc. (State College, Pa.). The solutions of all pure alkyl alcohols were prepared (concentration 0.004 M) in a mixture of chloroform, methanol, and... 

Materials Several pure and commercial surfactants were used as a foaming agent. All alkyl alcohols (greater than 98% pure) were supplied by Chemical sample company, Columbus, OH, (U.S.A.). All other foaming agents were used as received. Oils (dodecane, tetradecane, hexadecane) were either supplied by BDH ( Analar grade) or Chemical Sample Company, Columbus, OH, (U.S.A.). Double distilled water was used in all experiments. 

A wide variety of long-chain fatty acids increase transdermal delivery the most popular is oleic acid. It is relevant that many penetration enhancers contain saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon chains and some structure-activity relationships have been drawn from the extensive studies of Aungst et al. [22,23] who employed a range of fatty acids and alcohols, sulfoxides, surfactants, and amides as enhancers for naloxone. From these experiments, it appears that saturated alkyl chain lengths of around Cio to C12 attached to a polar head... 

At Long Ashton, Silcox and Holloway " carried out foliar uptake experiments with dilute aqueous solutions of " C-labeled linear alcohol and alkylphenol polyoxyethylene surfactants (0.1% w/v) having HLB values of 10 to 14. Considerable absorption was recorded, the rate and total amount of uptake varying according to species and chemical nature of the surfactant. Maximum uptake occurred with compounds having a C12/C13 alkyl chain as the hydrophobic moiety there was little movement of the surfactants within the treated tissues, but subsequently they were metabolized. 

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