Biotechnology alkaloids

Kren V, Harazim P and Malinka Z (1994) Claviceps purpurea (ergot) culture and bioproduction of ergot alkaloids. Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, Vol 58 Medicinal and Aromatic Plants VII (ed Bajaj YPS). Springer, Heidelberg, pp 139-156. 

Prenosil, J.E., Hegglin, M., Baumann, T.W., Frischkneechtt, P.M., Kappeler, A.W., Brodeliuss.P.. and Haldimann,D., Purine alkaloid producing cell cultures fundamental aspects and possible applications in biotechnology, Enzyme Microbial. Technol., 9,450,1987. 

Davis PJ (1984) Natural and semi-synthetic alkaloids. In Kieslich K (ed) Biotechnology, vol 6 a. Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, p 207... 

Alkaloid chemistry is a small part of chemistry, whose history began in 1805, when the first alkaloid was isolated. Since this time, there have been many famous achievements in research and product development. A host of excellent scientists have been working successfully in this field. Alkaloid chemistry has saved many millions of lives by producing the knowledge, on the bases of which alkaloid-based medicines have been developed against malaria and other diseases. Chemistry has not only investigated alkaloids, their structures and activity, but also developed methods for their modifications and structural manipulation. These methods are successfully used in both the pharmaceutical industry and biotechnology. 

Key words agriculture, alkaloids, biofertilizers, biotechnology, channels, dmgs, food, ions, medicine, plant protection, production, receptors, root cultures... 

Alkaloids used as strongly bioactive molecules are vital in biotechnology for the development of new production methods. It is possible to produce more effective alkaloids via biotechnology, and also possible to produce them on a very large scale. 

Figure 95. Diagram of the links between areas connected to alkaloidal applications produced by biotechnology.

Hashimoto, T. and Yamada, Y. 2003. New genes in alkaloid metabolism and transport. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 14 163-168. 

Villegas, M., Leon, R. and Brodelius P. E. 1999. Effects of alginate and immobilization by entrapment in alginate on benzophenanthridine alkaloid production in cell suspension cultures of Eschscholtzia californica. Biotechnology Letters, 21(1) 49-55. 

Lohm a, M. Tudzynski, P. (1997) Clavicqts alkaloids. In Fungal Biotechnology. Anke, T., ed.. Chapman Hall, London, pp. 173-85. 

Shoyama, Y., I. Nishioka, and K. Hatano. 1991. Aconitum spp. (monkshood) somatic embryogenesis, plantregeneration, and the production of aconitine and other alkaloids. In Bajaj, Y. P. S. (ed.). Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry 15. Medicinal and Aromatic plants III. Springer-Verlag. New York. p. 58-72. 

Zenk, M. H., H. El-Shagi, H. Arens, J. StoV ckigt, E. W. Weiler, and B. Deus, "Formation of the Indole Alkaloids Serpentine and Ajmalicine in Cell Suspension Cultures of Catharanthus roseus," in Plant Tissue Culture and Its Biotechnological Application, Eds. W. Barz, E. Reinhard, M. H. Zenk, New York Springer-Verlag, 1977, pp. 27-43. 

Verpoorte R, van der Heiden R and Memelink J (1998) Plant biotechnology and the production of alkaloids prospects of metabolic engineering. The Alkaloids, Chemistry and Pharmacology (ed Cordell GA) Vol 50. Academic, San Diego, pp 453-508. 

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