Alkaloid-rich venoms

Several N-methylpyrrolidines have been identified in the venoms of Monomorium (Monomorium) species. M. latinode, an Old World species, is distinctive in producing an alkaloidal-rich venom containing two N-methylpyrrolidines with saturated side chains (IV) (6J. On the other hand, the poison gland secretions of several North American species contain N-methylated compounds in which one (V) or both side chains (VI) are terminally unsaturated (6 ) they are accompanied by the corresponding norpyrrolidines. 

Queenright (queen-containing) colonies of 10 species of ants, belonging to two major subfamilies, were utilized for repellency studies. Members of the subfamily Myrmicinae included Solenopsis invicta, Crematogaster ashmeadi. Pheidole dentata, Monomorium minimum. M. viridum and pharaonis. The subfamily Dolichoderinae was represented by Iridomyrmex pruinosus, I. humilis. Tapinoma sessile, and T melanocephalum. Whereas S. invicta and the Monomorium species have been demonstrated to synthesize alkaloid-rich venoms (36, ), these nitrogen... 

Several species pertaining to the sub-family Myrmicinae (e.g., Solenopsis spp., Monomorium spp.) are characterized by a venom rich in dialkylated saturated nitrogen heterocycles (e.g., piperidine, pyrrolidine, indolizidine, pyrrolizidine). Exhaustive lists of these alkaloids have already been published [114-116]. Since then, only a few more of these alkaloids have been reported from a few further species. 

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