Alkaline earths Group chemical properties

Barium is a member of the aLkaline-earth group of elements in Group 2 (IIA) of the period table. Calcium [7440-70-2], Ca, strontium [7440-24-6], Sr, and barium form a closely aUied series in which the chemical and physical properties of the elements and thek compounds vary systematically with increa sing size, the ionic and electropositive nature being greatest for barium (see Calcium AND CALCIUM ALLOYS Calcium compounds Strontium and STRONTIUM compounds). As size increases, hydration tendencies of the crystalline salts increase solubiUties of sulfates, nitrates, chlorides, etc, decrease (except duorides) solubiUties of haUdes in ethanol decrease thermal stabiUties of carbonates, nitrates, and peroxides increase and the rates of reaction of the metals with hydrogen increase. 

Strontium [7440-24-6] Sr, is in Group 2 (IIA) of the Periodic Table, between calcium and barium. These three elements are called alkaline-earth metals because the chemical properties of the oxides fall between the hydroxides of alkaU metals, ie, sodium and potassium, and the oxides of earth metals, ie, magnesium, aluminum, and iron. Strontium was identified in the 1790s (1). The metal was first produced in 1808 in the form of a mercury amalgam. A few grams of the metal was produced in 1860—1861 by electrolysis of strontium chloride [10476-85-4]. 

The elements in the second column of the table (Group 2) are the alkaline earth metals. These resemble the alkali metals in their appearance, but they have different chemical properties. For example, each of these metals... 

Applications involving ring transfer or loss. The kinetic lability, volatility, and Lewis acidity of heavy alkaline earth metallocenes have been the properties most important to their applications. The gas-phase decomposition of volatile metallocenes is useful in the preparation of thin films of alkaline earth-containing materials and in doping semiconductors. Reviews are available on the use of group 2 organometallic compounds as precursors for chemical-vapour deposition (CVD).2 3... 

In many of its chemical properties, radium is like the elements magnesium, caldum, strontium and barium, and it is placed in group 2, as is consistent with its 6s26pcls2 electron configuraUon. Its sulfate (Ksp — 4.2 a 10-1 ) is even more insoluble in water than barium sulfate, with which it is conveniently coprecipitated, Like barium and other alkaline earth metals, it forms a soluble chloride (X p = 0,4) and bromide, which can also be obtained as dihydrates, Radium also resembles the other group 2 elements in forming an insoluble carbonate and a very slightly soluble lodate (Xsp = 8.8 x 1(T10). 

A column of the periodic table is called a family. Some families have special names. Group IA elements are called alkali metals, group IIA elements are called alkaline earth metals, group VIIA elements are called halogens, and group VIIIA elements are called the noble gases. The group B elements are called transition elements. Elements with atomic numbers from 58 to 71 are called lanthanides, and elements with atomic numbers from 90 to 103 are called actinides. Families have similar chemical and physical properties. For example, the alkali metals are soft metals at room temperature they are shiny, conduct... 

Beryllium is the lightest member of the alkaline earth metals family. These metals make up Group 2 (IIA) of the periodic table. They include beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium. Elements in the same column of the periodic table have similar chemical properties. The periodic table is a chart that shows how the chemical elements are related to each other. 

At present a large variety of solid compounds are called Zintl phases. The name Zintl phase was introduced by Laves According to Laves, Zintl phases are those intermetallic compounds which crystallize in typical non-metal crystal structures. For these compounds one expects an ionic contribution to the chemical bond. This definition has been extended to a large number of solid compounds formed by alkali or alkaline earth metals with metallic or semimetallic elements of the fourth, fifth and partly third group of the Periodic Table for which common structural and bonding properties have been found. The crystal structures and chemical properties of these compounds have been studied extensively . ... 

All of the elements in the first 12 groups of the periodic table are referred to as metals. The first two groups of elements on the left-hand side of the table are the alkali metals and the alkaline earth metals. All of the alkali metals are extremely similar to each other in their chemical and physical properties, as, in turn, are all of the alkaline earths to each other. The 10 groups of elements in the middle of the periodic table are transition metals. The similarities in these groups are not as strong as those in the first two groups, but still satisfy the general trend of similar chemical and physical properties. The transition metals in the last row are not found in nature but have been synthesized artificially. The metals that follow the transition metals are called posttransition metals. 

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