Alkali bicarbonates caustic

Caustic alkali in the eye. Proceed as for acid in the eye, but wash with 1 per cent, boric acid solution in place of bicarbonate solution. 

Alkalies. In the 1960s, 3.2-34 x 10 t /yr of lime was captively produced by the U.S. alkaH industry for manufacturing soda ash and sodium bicarbonate via the Solvay process. Electrolytic process caustic soda and natural soda ash (trona) from Wyoming have largely replaced the Solvay process. Three of the trona producers in Wyoming now purchase quicklime for producing caustic soda. 

Calcium ions in seawater muds can be controlled and removed by forming insoluble precipitates accomplished by adding alkalis such as caustic soda, lime, or barium hydroxide. Soda ash or sodium bicarbonate is of no value in controlling the total hardness of sea water. 

Parts injured with acids or caustic alkalis should first be washed thoroughly with water and then with bicarbonate solution or dilute acetic acid respectively. Slight burns should be washed with alcohol and then covered with linseed oil or an ointment. 

Arfwedson prepared lithium acetate, ignited it, and noted the insolubility of the resulting lithium carbonate in water and its action on platinum. He also prepared and studied the bicarbonate, sulfate, nitrate, chloride, tartrate, borate, hydroxide, and a double sulfate which he reported as lithium alum. He mentioned that lithium hydroxide is much less soluble than the other caustic alkalies and that it has a greater saturation capacity [lower equivalent weight] than they. Because of its ability to form deliquescent salts with nitric and hydrochloric acids, Arfwedson recognized the close relation between the new alkali and the alkaline earths, especially magnesia. 

Addition of Caustic or Carbonated Alkalies.— Caustio alkalies, added to water holding in solution bicarbonate of lime, saturate the excess of carbonic acid, throw down carbonate of lime, and leave on alkaline carbonats in solution. If soda be the alkali used, the results will be as follows —... 

Phenols and Enolizable Keto Compounds. These compounds are coupled in alkaline (soda) solution as a rule. If the coupler is a sulfonic or carboxylic acid, or is soluble in water (e.g., resorcinol), it is dissolved directly in the required amount of soda solution. In other cases, the coupler is dissolved in the equivalent amount of dilute sodium hydroxide solution and the recaustic soda for complete solution in such cases, no more is used than is absolutely required. (Solution of the 2-hydroxyl-3-naphthoic acid arylides is greatly assisted by the addition of alcohol. In many cases, no other method of dissolving the coupler is known.) An unnecessarily large excess of alkali is to be avoided, except in special cases, since such an excess rapidly decomposes the diazo compound. It is desirable to use that amount of soda which will be converted to bicarbonate by the acid of... 

SOda, modified. (neutral soda). A combination of soda ash and bicarbonate of soda in definite proportions for purposes where an alkali is needed, ranging in causticity between bicarbonate of soda and soda ash. White, crystalline powders water-soluble and possessing valuable cleansing and purifying properties. Prepared in various strengths. 

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