Organic-alkali base systems

Streitwieser et al. [160] and BordweU et al. [161] used the lyate ions of organic solvents such as cyclohexylamine and dimethyl sulfoxide in the determination of the C—H acidity of weak organic carbon acids. Using super base systems such as alkali metal salts of cyclohexylamine [i.e. lithium and cesium cyclohexylamides) [160] and dimethyl sulfoxide (sodium dimsyl) [161] in an excess of these non-HBD solvents, relative acidity scales for weak carbon acids have been established. In this way, values for the ionization of over a thousand Bronsted acids in dimethyl sulfoxide have... 

Since silica dissolves above about pH 10.7-11.0, silicates can be prepared with organic bases having dissociation constants greater than about 10 , although some silica will dissolve in aqueous solutions of weaker bases with constants as low as lO" or 10" (123-125). Merrill and Spencer (124) reported the preparation of a number of water-soluble quaternary ammonium silicates by grinding silica gel with a solution of the free base. However, the compounds all appear to have a ratio of 2 1 when expressed as SiOj (NR )jO by analogy with the alkali metal system. 

Bozzetto (Bergamo, Italy) offers a continuous chlorosulfonic acid sulfona-tion process which comprises two water-jacketed glass vessels for sulfonation and neutralization, and an HC1 absorption column. Organic feedstock and chlorosulfonic acid are mixed on a rotating disk. Under the centrifugal action of the disk, the reaction mixture is sprayed as a thin film onto the wall of the reaction vessel. The acid product falls to the base of the reactor and then onto a similar rotating disk system, where it is mixed with alkali and sprayed onto the wall of the neutralization vessel. The unit is operated under slightly reduced pressure to remove HC1 gas. 

Dry Organic and Inorganic Electrolyte Systems Several new systems based on alkali metals and layered sulfides have very high energy density. 

It is proposed that in mixed organic base-alkali systems, the presence of the organic base changes the solid-liquid equilibrium and stabilizes larger sol-like aluminosilicate species ( 25 m/ ). The alkali ion affects agglomeration of the sol particles to larger amorphous precipitate particles from 100 to 500 min size which subsequently crystallize to zeolite. 

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