Aliphatic hydrocarbons, dispersions copolymers

PMMA is mostly homo- or copolymerized in aliphatic hydrocarbon dispersions, using different rubbers, polysiloxanes, long-chain polymethacrylates, or different block and graft copolymers as stabilizers. An interesting variant of the dispersion polymerization of acrylates is carried out in supercritical carbon dioxide [45,46]. Transition-metal-mediated living radical suspension polymerization is discussed in Ref. [47]. Common radical initiators are described in Refs. [48] and [49]. The entire field is reviewed extensively in Ref. [50]. 

Ionized gels were acrylic acid-sodium acrylate copolymers. The samples were provided by Norsolor Company. The gels were obtained through an inverse suspension process. In this technique, the aqueous phase, containing an hydrophilic monomer, was dispersed in an organic phase, such as an alicyclic or aliphatic hydrocarbon. 

Vinyl (dispersion type - Organosols ) Finish for office equipment Plasticiser Aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons Esentially a dispersion of PVC or a vinyl chloride copolymer in plasticiser/diluent. A high temperature is necessary to produce a continuous film. The solvent is required to reduce viscosity and assist dispersion. It must not swell the resin particles excessively or cause coagulation at room temp. 

An interesting example of this behavior occurs with the combination of an aliphatic hydrocarbon acid (e.g., octadecanoic acid or stearic acid) with a polyolefin and a polyamide. These molecules do not dissolve in either phase but rather locate themselves at the interface at the two polymers. The hydrocarbon section of the molecule embeds itself in the polyolefin phase and the acid end group associates with the polyamide. The carboxylic add may chemically react with the amine and groups of the polyamide forming a block copolymer of (polyamide-stearic acid) at the interface. The molecule acts as a smfactant and reduces the interfacial tension. This seems first reported by Baraboim and Rakityanskii [25]. This reduced interfacial tension prevents coalescence of the polyolefin and polyamide phases. The dispersed phase sizes are reduced. 

---