Aliphatic halogen compounds methyl chloride

When deuterated compounds were being first prepared, the reduction of aliphatic halogen compounds to the corresponding deuterium compounds was effected mainly by potassium or aluminum amalgam in D20 the preparation of acetic acid from potassium trichloroacetate53 and of methane from bromoform54 may be cited as examples. Later, reduction by zinc in an acid medium was preferred 4d 5 5 for instance, thymine was labelled in the methyl group by reduction of (chloromethyl)uracil with zinc and deuterium chloride 24... 

Friedel and Crafts Synthesis,—In the presence of anhydrous aluminium chloride, aliphatic halogen compounds react with aromatic hydrocarbons and form condensation-products as the result of the elimination of halogen hydride. Thus, when a mixture of benzene and aluminium chloride is treated with methyl chloride, toluene is formed —... 

Such xenobiotics as aliphatic hydrocarbons and derivatives, chlorinated ahphatic compounds (methyl, ethyl, methylene, and ethylene chlorides), aromatic hydrocarbons and derivatives (benzene, toluene, phthalate, ethylbenzene, xylenes, and phenol), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, halogenated aromatic compounds (chlorophenols, polychlorinated biphenyls, dioxins and relatives, DDT and relatives), AZO dyes, compounds with nitrogroups (explosive-contaminated waste and herbicides), and organophosphate wastes can be treated effectively by aerobic microorganisms. 

The technology is applicable to chlorinated and nonchlorinated VOCs methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) dichloroethylene (DCE), trichloroethylene (TCE), and tetrachloroethylene (per-chloroethylene, PCE) dichloroethane (DCA) vinyl chloride alcohols ethers ketones and halogenated and nonhalogenated paraffinic, olefinic, aliphatic, and aromatic hydrocarbons. It is very effective at treating benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) compounds and any oxygenate, such as acetone or isopropanol. 

The action of hydrogen chloride on adiponitrile has been the subject of an extensive study by Zil berman and his associates. Much of the work has been reviewed.99 No cyclic compounds were observed with this dinitrile or its j8-methyl homolog. The action of other halogen acids on adiponitriles has not been investigated. Higher aliphatic a,cu-dinitriles have received no attention. 

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