Algal ponds high rate

The chronic effects of exposure to small quantities of cyanobacterial algal toxins are still under study. In the mid-1980s, studies were done in China, where people were drinking untreated water contaminated with cyanobacterial algal toxins. It was found that drinking contaminated pond and ditch water was associated with high rates of liver cancer. When the quality of drinking water sources was improved in these areas, the rate of liver cancer decreased. How... 

The author, in association with W. J. Oswald, over the past four years has studied lower cost algal production and harvesting systems for application to both wastewater treatment and energy production (26-28). The research has concentrated on the problems of microalgal harvesting and species control in experimental and pilot-scale sewage high-rate pond systems. The first... 

Park, J.B. and Craggs, R.J. (2011) Algal production in wastewater treatment high rate algal ponds for potential biofuel use. Water Sci. Technol., 63 (10), 2403-2410. 

A.N. (2011) Wastewater treatment high rate algal ponds for biofuel production. Bioresour. Technol., 102 (1), 35-42. 

Liffman K, Paterson DA, Liovic P, Bandopadhayay P Comparing the energy efficiency of different high rate algal raceway pond designs using computational fluid dynamics, Chem Eng Res Des 91(2) 221-226, 2013. 

VARIABLE FLUORESCENCE FOR MONITORING ALGAL ACTIVITY IN A HIGH RATE PHOTOSYNTHETIC POND... 

The high rate photosynthetic pond, also called High rate oxidation pond, is a powerful system for wastwater treatment in hot climate. Algal photosynthesis is speeded up by mixing the pond content and the depth is kept low (0.45 cm) so the sun light may reach most of the algal cells in the pond (1-3). 

High-rate aerobic algal ponds nitrification Stabilisation carbonaceous BOD removal Carbonaceous BOD removal... 

For a stand-alone photobiological (sulfur-deprived, algal) H2-production facility producing 300 kg/day of H2, the total capital investment was estimated to be 5 million with a H2 selling price of approximately 14/kg of hydrogen and a 15% return on investment. This system assumed moderate improvements in the H2-production rate and included PSA purification with high-pressure compressed H2 storage. The total photobioreactor area was 110,000 m with a 10-cm pond depth, 0.2 g/1 cell concentration, and 10/m reactor cost. ... 

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