Algae macrolides from

Kubanek J, Prusak AC, Snell TW, Giese RA, Hardcastle KI, Fairchild CR, Aalbersberg W, Raventos-Suarez C, Hay ME (2005) Antineoplastic Diterpene-Benzoate Macrolides from the Fijian Red Alga Callophycus serratus. Org Lett 7 5261... 

Late in 1996, Klein and co-workers193 reported the characterization of a novel 15-membered macrolide from the blue-green algae Lyngbya bouillonii (Cyanophy-ceae), laingolide (101) in which a heteronuclear 13C Nano-probe was utilized to acquire the 13C reference spectrum reported in the study. 

Yotsu-Yamashita, M., Haddock, R.L. andYasumoto, T. 1993. Polycavernoside A ANovel Glycosidic Macrolide from the Red Alga Poly cavernosetsudai Gracilaria edulis). Journal cf the American Chemical Society 115(3), 1147-1148. 

Macrolides from algae and invertebrates, except for insects, are precisely described in Chapter 2. Therefore, compounds having unique skeletons produced only by algae or invertebrates are merely mentioned here. The lists of macrolides produced by algae and invertebrates are shown in Tables X and XI, respectively. 

Yotsu-Yamashita, M., Haddock, R. L., and Yasumoto, T. (1993). Polycavemoside A A novel glycosidic macrolide from the red alga Polycavemosa tsudai (Gracilaria edulis). J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115,1147-1148. 

Murakami, M., Matsuda, H., Makabe, K., and Yamaguchi, K. (1991). Oscillariolide, a novel macrolide from a blue-green alga Oscillatoria sp. Tetrahedron Lett. 32, 2391-2394. 

M. Yotsu-Yamashita, R.L. Haddock, and T. Yasumoto, Polycavernoside A a novel glycosidic macrolide from the red alga Polycavernose tsudai (Gracilaria edulis). Journal of American Chemical Society 115 (1993) 1147-1148. 

Kubanek, J., Pmsak, A.C., SneD, T.W., Giese, R.A., Hardcastle, KL, Fairchild, C.R., Aalbersberg, W, Raventos-Suarez, C., and Hay, M.E. (2005) Antineoplastic diterpene-benzoate macrolides from the Fijian red alga Callophycus serratus. Org. Lett., 7, 5261—5264. 

Total synthesis of polycavernoside A, macrolide toxine from red algae Polycavernosa tsudai 99YGK993. 

Macrolide-producing organisms are classified as shown in Table 11. Actino-mycetes produce the largest number of macrolides (more than 800). Myxobacte-ria produce about 100 macrolides, and the other bacteria produce about only 40 macrolides. A rather large number of macrolides have been isolated from fungi (about 200). Lichens produce only three compounds. About 70 macrolides have been isolated from algae. Though plants produce about 700 macrocyclic lactone compounds, most of them are tannins or alkaloids such as pyrrolizidines. So they... 

Blue-green algae (cyanophytes) are known to produce some potent toxins as well as valuable bioactive compounds [32], among which are some unique macrolides as discussed here. From a terrestrial scytonematacean alga, namely, Tolypothrix... 

Macrolide antibiotic. Isol. from the red alga Polycavernosa tsudai. Toxin. Solid. Obt. with Polycavernoside B whose struct, has not been detd. (1995). 

From the brown alga Lobophora variegata extract the new macrolide lobophorolide (44) has been identified and this 22-membered eycUc lactone showed promising antifnngal activities against marine fungi implicated in biofonUng [104]. 

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