Algae lyophilization

Samples dried in an oven can be used for the determination of most elements except for mercury which is extremely volatile. Therefore, it is most important to know whether any loss of mercury occurs during the drying or lyophilization process. Pillay et al. [99] reported considerable losses of mercury from plankton/algae during low-temperature oven drying... 

Anatoxin-a was first isolated fmmAnabaenaflos-aquae in 1976 (Devlin et al. 1977). The isolation and enriehment of AN from eultuied material involved adjustment of the algae suspension to pH 5 prior to lyophilization. The residual material was then extracted with methanol containing dilute hydrochloric acid. After evaporation the resulting syrup was neutralized and extracted with benzene... 

C-Phycocyanin is abundant in blue-green algae. Nearly 99% deuterated samples of this phycobiliprotein were isolated from the cyanobacteria that were grown in perdeuterated cultures [46] (99% pure D2O) at Argonne National Laboratory. This process yielded deuterated C-phycocyanin proteins (d-CPC) that had virtually all of the H—C bonds replaced by H—C bonds. One can obtain a lyophilized sample that is similar to amorphous solids as determined by neutron diffraction [43]. As it has been defined in previous papers [47-49], the level of hydration h = 0.5 corresponds to 100% hydration of C-phycocyanin, which leads to a coverage of about 1.5 monolayers of water molecules on the surface of the protein [50]. 

The chemical and biochemical behaviors of humic substances can also be changed by GPC. Frimmel and Sattler (1982) studied the complexation/ adsorption of trace metals by dissolved humic substances and discovered that the affinity of humic substances for metals markedly increased following GPC. Similarly, Stewart and Wetzel (1982) observed that all Sephadex G-lOO fractions of dissolved humic material obtained from the aquatic macrophyte Typha were more stimulatory to C assimilation by algae than were the same humic substances that had not been fractionated. The observations indicated that the gel, eluent, or processing procedure (e.g., lyophilization, reconstitution, cleavage during separation) either reduced the toxicity of the humic substances or enhanced its stimulatory nature or affinity toward trace substances. 

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