Aldose glycosides

Supercritical fluid chromatography on polar columns (diol- and cyano-bonded silica) with C02-MeOH mobile phases and light scattering detection has been investigated for the separation of aldoses, glycosides, desulphoglucosinolates, di- and tri-saccharides, cyclitols and ketoses. ... 

Fischer projections and, 977-978 glycosides and, 989-990 l- 4 links in, 997-998 origin of name. 973 photosynthesis of, 973-974 see also Aldose, Monosaccharide vaccines from, 1004-1005 Carbon, ground-state electron configuration of, 6... 

The generic term monosaccharide (as opposed to oligosaccharide or polysaccharide) denotes a single unit, without glycosidic connection to other such units. It includes aldoses, dialdoses, aldoketoses, ketoses and diketoses, as well as deoxy sugars and amino sugars, and their derivatives, provided that the parent compound has a (potential) carbonyl gTOup. 

The names of the individual compounds of this type are formed by replacing (a) the -ose of the systematic or trivial name of the aldose by -uronic acid , (b) the -oside of the name of the glycoside by -osiduronic acid or (c) the -osyl of the name of the glycosyl group by -osy luronic acid . The carbon atom of the (potential) aldehydic carbonyl group (not that of the carboxy group as in normal systematic nomenclature [13,14]) is numbered 1 (see 2-Carb-2.1, note 1). 

Clearly, in biosynthesis the ketoses play a major role as active intermediates in the intertransformation of monosaccharides and as precursors of aldoses which usually appear as stable end-products and are stored in the form of polysaccharide or glycosides. An exception is the novel D-glu-... 

Anhydroalditols can be easily generated by Lewis acid catalysed reduction of the corresponding aldoses or glycosides with triethylsilane (Fig. 2). The reaction requires protection of the hydroxyl groups, which can be performed temporarily by preliminary treatment with bis(trimethylsilyl)-trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA).1... 

Sucrose phosphorylase can then be regarded as a rather versatile transglucosidase, capable of exchanging glycosidic and ester bonds and of donating D-glucose to a variety of substrates such as ketoses, an aldose, inorganic phosphate and arsenate. 

The reaction with aldoses and ketoses is different and the procedure may be used to distinguish between them. Free monosaccharides and glycosides do not react in an identical manner with periodic acid and this reveals information about the structure, sequence and linkage of monosaccharides or their derivatives in a polysaccharide. 

Matsuda H, Morikawa T, Toguchida 1, Harima S, Yoshikawa M. (2002) Medicinal flowers. VI. Absolute stereostructures of two new flavanone glycosides and a phenylbutanoid glycoside from the flowers of Chrysanthemum indicum L. Their inhibitory activities for rat lens aldose reductase. Chem Pharm Bull 50 972-975. 

In another reaction which leads to glycosides, direct and specific C-1 methylation of aldoses may be achieved by the use of diazomethane in aqueous methanol and mixed glycosides result... 

The generic term glycosides defines all mixed acetals formed by the acetalisation of the cyclic forms of aldoses and ketoses. Glycosyl groups are monosaccharides that have lost their anomeric -OH group the suffix -yl is used to indicate the change that has occurred at C-1. 

Cannabis sativa L. (marijuana) IX. Lens aldose reductase inhibitory activity of CSl33 marijuana flavone c-glycosides. 

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