ALDEHYDES AND KETONES. NUCLEOPHILIC ADDITION TO THE CARBONYL GROUP

ALDEHYDES AND KETONES NUCLEOPHILIC ADDITION TO THE CARBONYL GROUP 

1 (b) The longest continuous chain in glutaraldehyde has five carbons and terminates in aldehyde 

2 (b) First write the structure from the name given. Ethyl isopropyl ketone has an ethyl group and 

Ethyl isopropyl ketone may be alternatively named 2-methyl-3-pentanone. Its longest continuous chain has five carbons. The carbonyl carbon is C-3 irrespective of the direction in which the chain is numbered, and so we choose the direction that gives the lower number to the position that bears the methyl group. 

The longest continuous chain has five carbons, and the carbonyl carbon is C-2. Thus, methyl 2,2-dimethylpropyl ketone may also be named 4,4-dimethyl-2-pentanone. 

Methyl 2,2-dimethylpropyl ketone has a methyl group and a 2,2-dimethylpropyl group bonded to a carbonyl group. 

Aldehydes and Ketones Nucleophilic Addition to the Carbonyl Group 

Idehydes and ketones contain an acyl group RC-Leither to hydrogen or to another carbon. 

Although the present chapter includes the usual collection of topics designed to acquaint us with a particular class of compounds, its central theme is a fundamental reaction type, nucleophilic addition to carbonyl groups. The principles of nucleophilic addition to aldehydes and ketones developed here will be seen to have broad applicability in later chapters when transformations of various derivatives of carboxylic acids are discussed. 

The longest continuous chain that contains the — CH group provides the parent name for aldehydes. The -e ending of the corresponding alkane name is replaced by -al and substituents are 

The -e ending of an alkane name is dropped before a suffix beginning with a vowel (-a/) and retained before one beginning with a consonant -dial). 

6 Principles of Nucleophilic Addition Hydration of Aldehydes and Ketones 735 

10 Reaction with Primary Amines Imines 746 Imines in Bioiogicai Chemistry 749 

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