Aldehyde An organic compound

Aldehyde An organic compound containing the carbonyl group positioned at the end of the carbon chain, with a general formula... 

Aldehyde an organic compound containing the carbonyl group bonded to at least one hydrogen atom. (22.4)... 

A cyanohydrin is an organic compound that contains both a cyanide and a hydroxy group on an aUphatic section of the molecule. Cyanohydrias are usually a-hydroxy nitriles which are the products of base-cataly2ed addition of hydrogen cyanide to the carbonyl group of aldehydes and ketones. The lUPAC name for cyanohydrias is based on the a-hydroxy nitrile name. Common names of cyanohydrias are derived from the aldehyde or ketoae from which they are formed (Table 1). 

Aldehydes and ketones both have the carbonyl functional group. An aldehyde is an organic compound that has a double-bonded oxygen on the last carbon of a carbon chain. The functional group for an aldehyde is... 

When treating the overall transformation kinetics of an organic compound as we have done for the hydrolysis of benzyl chloride (Eq. 12-11), we assume that the reverse reaction (i.e., the formation of benzyl chloride from benzyl alcohol) can be neglected. For many of the reactions discussed in the following chapters we will make this assumption either because the reverse reaction has an extremely small rate constant (i.e., the reaction is practically irreversible), or because the concentration ) of the reactant(s) are very large as compared to the concentration(s) of the product(s). There are, however, situations in which the reverse reaction has to be taken into account. We have already encountered such a reaction in Illustrative Example 12.1. To demonstrate how to handle the reaction kinetics in such a case, we use the hydration of an aldehyde to yield a diol (Fig. 12.3). This example will also illustrate how the equilibrium reaction constant, Kn is related to the kinetic rate constants, kY and k2, of the forward and reverse reaction. 

Ketone. A functional group of an organic compound in which a carbon atom is double-bonded to an oxygen. Neither of the other substituents attached to the carbon is a hydrogen. Otherwise the group would be called an aldehyde. 

A simple method for introducing a triple bond into an organic compound is to treat an appropriate dihalide with a strong base. Since vicinal dihalides (usually the bromide) are readily formed by reaction of bromine with an alkene, and geminal dihalides from aldehydes or ketones with phosphorus pentachloride, the method is a useful general procedure for the preparation of terminal and non-terminal alkynes from readily available starting materials. 

In these experiments either nitrogen dioxide or ozone was mixed with an organic compound at concentrations of about 1 p.p.t. in air or oxygen and allowed to react with or without artificial sunlight the products were analyzed by means of standard infrared techniques. Alkyl nitrate, alkyl nitrite, aldehyde, and peroxyacid were typical products of the nitrogen dioxide-organic compound reaction. 

Aldehydes An aldehyde is an organic compound in which a carbonyl group located at the end of a carbon chain is bonded to a carbon atom on one side and a hydrogen atom on the other. Aldehydes have the general formula CHO, where represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom. 

Given a Lewis structure, a condensed formula, or a line drawing for an organic compound, identify it as representing an alkane, alkene, alkyne, arene (aromatic), alcohol, carboxylic acid, ether, aldehyde, ketone, ester, amine, or amide. 

An aldehyde is an organic compound containing the —CHO group. The simplest member is formaldehyde, HCHO. 

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